Previously, only four diseases were considered so-called STDs according to the “Act to Combat Venereal Diseases,” namely syphilis (lues), gonorrhea (gonorrhea), ulcer molle (soft chancre), and lymphogranuloma venereum (venereal lymphadenitis). With the introduction of the Infection Protection Act in 2001, we now speak only of sexually transmitted diseases.
Sexually transmitted diseases include many different diseases caused by more than 30 pathogens of the genera bacteria, viruses, fungi or protozoa (single-celled organisms).
Bacterial STDs discussed here include:
- Syphilis (Lues)
- Gonorrhea (gonorrhea)
- Ulcer molle (soft chancre)
- Lymphogranuloma venereum (venereal lymphadenitis).
- Chlamydia infections
Viral STDs discussed here include:
- Hepatitis B (liver inflammation).
- Genital herpes
- HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
- Infections with the human papilloma virus (HPV).
Sexually transmitted diseases are a major health care problem worldwide. It is estimated that 300 to 400 million people, mostly between the ages of 15 and 45, are affected worldwide. 90% of those affected live in developing countries.
Symptoms are highly variable among the diseases and are not always limited to the reproductive organs.
One is exposed to an increased risk of infection especially during unprotected sexual intercourse and changing sexual partners. Use of condoms can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.
