To prevent subclinical inflammation (silent inflammation), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors.
Behavioral risk factors
- Diet
- Increased intake of saturated fatty acis (SFA).
- Increased intake of foods with high glycemic index → increase in NF-κB activation and NF-κB binding in mononuclear cells.
- Consumption of contaminated foods (e.g., pesticides, heavy metals, etc.).
- Consumption of processed food / processed food (eg, food additives).
- Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see prevention with micronutrients.
- Consumption of stimulants
- Tobacco (smoking)
- Physical activity
- Extreme physical work
- Psycho-social situation
- Stress
- Overweight (BMI ≥ 25; obesity).
- Android body fat distribution, i.e., abdominal/visceral, truncal, central body fat (apple type) – there is a high waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio (THQ; waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR)); see “Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ” – esp. Fetuin A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and other cytokinesWhen measuring waist circumference according to the International Diabetes Federation guideline (IDF, 2005), the following standard values apply:
- Men <94 cm
- Women < 80 cm
The German Obesity Society published somewhat more moderate figures for waist circumference in 2006: < 102 cm for men and < 88 cm for women.
X-rays
- Radiatio (radiotherapy)
- Ionizing rays
Environmental pollution – Intoxications (poisoning).
- Particulate matter
- Hazardous working materials
- Plastics
- Pesticides / insecticides
- Heavy metals
