1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests.
- Small blood count
- Differential blood count
- Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
- Urine status (rapid test for: nitrite, protein, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes) incl. sediment, if necessary urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing of suitable antibiotics for sensitivity / resistance) – to exclude an infectious genesis of the pain (epididymitis (epididymitis), urethritis (urethritis), prostatitis (prostatitis)).
- Urethral swab (urethral swab) for pathogens.
- Ejaculate or a two-glass sample – for orienting examination of ejaculate or urine (see below urine examination incl. pathogen determination).
- Renal parameters – urea, creatinine.
Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and mandatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Serological examination – if infectious genesis is suspected.
- Tumor markers (AFP, HCG, NSE) – if testicular tumor is suspected.
- Circulating immune complexes (in circa 60% of cases); HBs antigen; complement C3 and C4; c-ANCA (circa 25%) – in suspected polyarteritis nodosa (PAN); autoimmune disease leading to vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) with narrowing of the vascular lumen.
