Hives (Urticaria): Classification

Classification of urticarial diseases.

Forms Subforms Definition
Spontaneous urticaria Acute spontaneous urticaria (asU) Spontaneous wheals and/or angioedema (vascular edema) <6 weeks
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (csU). Spontaneous wheals and/or angioedema >6 weeks.
Physical urticaria Cold contact urticaria Triggering factors may include cold objects, air, liquid, wind
Delayed pressure urticaria Triggering factor is static pressure; wheals appear with a 3-12 hour delay
Heat contact urticaria Triggering factor is localized heat
Light Urticaria Triggering factor is UV and/or visible light.
Urticaria factitia/symptomatic urticarial dermographism. Triggering factor is shear forces; wheals appear after 1-5 minutes
Vibratory urticaria/angioedema Triggering factor is vibration (e.g., jackhammer)
Other types of urticaria Aquagenic urticaria Triggering factor is water
Cholinergic urticaria Triggered by elevation of core body temperature (e.g., from exertion, spicy foods)
Contact urticaria Triggered by contact with urticariogenic substances
Exertion-induced urticaria/anaphylaxis Triggering factor is physical exertion, plus food intake if necessary