Therapy

As long as the brain cysts do not cause any symptoms, they do not have to be treated in every case. Observation and regular control is sufficient at first. This does not apply to brain cysts that have been caused by a parasitic infection.

These are either surgically removed or additionally treated with medication. Currently used drugs against worms are e.g. Mebendazole, Albendazole and Praziquantel. Whether and how surgery is performed depends not only on the location and type of cyst but also on the type of symptoms.

In general, cysts are only operated on if they cause symptoms, as only then is the risk of surgery acceptable. There are various procedures available to remove the cyst or, for example, to improve the drainage of brain water. Especially with arachnoid cysts that are filled with cerebral fluid, often the cyst is not removed, but only connected to the actual ventricles.

This reduces the pressure on the cyst and the symptoms are improved. It may also be necessary to drain off the cerebral fluid to the outside, for example to relieve a hydrocephalus that has developed. This can be done either openly, after the skull has been opened with the help of a surgical microscope, or endoscopically.

The choice of the surgical procedure depends mainly on the location of the cyst. During the operation a number of aids are used to minimize possible complications. Computer-aided software helps to navigate the instruments in the brain. In addition, the brain function is continuously monitored during the operation to ensure that no permanent damage is caused.

Prophylaxis

The development of arachnoid cysts cannot be avoided by prophylaxis, as they are congenital and thus have a genetic component. To avoid parasitic infections with the tapeworm, it is recommended to deworm pets regularly. This is especially true if the animals are brought from abroad (especially from the Mediterranean region).

After contact with animals, appropriate hygiene should be observed, such as thorough hand washing and avoiding direct contact with the mouth or mucous membranes. During stays abroad, well cooked food should be used. Raw food, especially from street vendors, should be avoided, as the hygiene standards there are sometimes inadequate.

Brain cysts that are due to an underlying disease, such as high blood pressure, can be avoided primarily by treating the underlying disease.Therefore, if high blood pressure is known, a reduction in blood pressure should be achieved by changing lifestyle and, depending on the severity of the condition, drug therapy. Vasoprotective drugs can also have a protective effect. In addition, diabetics should ensure that their blood sugar levels are well adjusted.