Definition The dispensing of licensed medicines is strictly regulated by law in many countries. Drugs may be available by prescription (prescription-only), nonprescription, and over-the-counter. Typical dispensing points are pharmacies, drugstores and doctors’ offices, provided that self-dispensing is permitted by the canton. Category E drugs may also be sold in the retail trade, for example in … Dispensing Categories of Medicinal Products
Retinoid refers to a group of different active substances, which are collectively known as retinoids. All of these active ingredients are derivatives of vitamin A and have a positive effect on a wide variety of skin diseases. They can be used both externally and internally. However, they can also unfold severe side effects and are … Retinoid: Effects, Uses & Risks
Symptoms Acne is a collective name for diseases of the sebaceous gland apparatus and hair follicles. The skin disease occurs predominantly puberty. Not all forms require treatment. However, a minority of patients suffer from severe acne, which should be treated in order to avoid long courses of the disease and scars if necessary. Areas of … Acne Treatment
Products Adapalene is commercially available as a cream and gel (Differin). It is also available in combination with benzoyl peroxide (Epiduo, Epiduo Forte). Adapalene has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Adapalene (C28H28O3, Mr = 412.52 g/mol) is a synthetic derivative of naphthalic acid without the typical retinoid structure. It exists … Adapalene
Symptoms Age spots are round, flat, oval to irregularly shaped pigment spots on the skin with a yellow-brown, light or dark brown to black color. The size is in the millimeter to deep centimeter range. Age spots occur mainly on the face, back of the hands, forearms, décolleté, shoulders and back. They occur singly or … Liver Spots
Symptoms Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the face that typically affects the cheeks, nose, chin, and central forehead symmetrically (Figure). The skin around the eyes is left out. It occurs more often in people with fair skin and in middle age, but it can occur in any skin type and at any … Rosacea Causes and Treatment
Symptoms Plantar warts are hard, rough, granular and benign skin growths that appear on the sole of the foot. They are surrounded by a cornified ring. Plantar warts occur mainly on the ball of the foot and on the heel. They grow towards the inside and have a thickened horny layer on the surface. Pain … Plantar Warts
Freckles are a collection of concentrated melanin that are most often visible in people with a lighter complexion. Triggered by sun exposure, freckles appear randomly and are basically not considered a serious condition. What are freckles? Freckles spread on areas of skin such as cheeks, nose, arms, shoulders with increased sun exposure and are usually … Freckles: Causes, Treatment & Help
