Brief overview Symptoms: Browning of the skin, fatigue and listlessness, low blood pressure, weight loss, fluid deficiency. Course of disease and prognosis: Treated, life expectancy is normal; untreated, the disease is fatal. In stressful situations, it is important to adjust the hormone dose to prevent a life-threatening Addisonian crisis. Diagnosis: Various laboratory tests, control of … Addison’s Disease: Symptoms, Progression, Treatment
Products Pethidine is commercially available as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1947. The drug is subject to strict control as a narcotic and is available only by prescription. Structure and properties Pethidine (C15H21NO2, Mr = 247.3 g/mol) is a phenylpiperidine derivative. In pharmaceuticals, it is present as pethidine … Pethidine
Products Lithium is commercially available in the form of tablets and sustained-release tablets (e.g., Quilonorm, Priadel, Lithiofor). Structure and properties The lithium ion (Li+) is a monovalent cation found in pharmaceuticals in the form of various salts. These include lithium citrate, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, and lithium acetate. For example, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3, Mr = … Lithium: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Introduction Cortisone and cortisol (hydrocortisone) are endogenous hormones and belong to the so-called glucocorticoids. As a drug, cortisone is one of the drugs with the most applications and indications, not least because of its many effects, including the reduction of inflammatory reactions. If there is a deficiency or complete absence of cortisone in the body … Cortisone in the baby
Side effects In acute therapy, no side effects are to be expected even at high, systemic doses of cortisone. In long-term systemic therapy (high doses for at least three months) with cortisone a thinning of the skin (atrophy) is to be expected. Wound healing disorders may occur, which means that wounds take longer to heal. … Side effects | Cortisone in the baby
What are the options if cortisone does not help? Cortisone is one of the drugs with the most reliable and best effects of modern medicine. If treatment with cortisone does not help, it should first be checked whether the cortisone has been used correctly. Was the right amount of medication given in the right way … What are the options if cortisone does not help? | Cortisone in the baby
The typical symptoms of Addison’s disease are caused by a lack of vital messenger substances such as mineral corticoids and glucocorticoids. Only when over 90% of the adrenal cortex has been destroyed do the symptoms of Addison’s disease manifest themselves in their full extent. These include, among others: In the course of a so-called Addison’s … Symptoms of Addison’s disease
Therapy The therapy of primary adrenal insufficiency consists of the replacement of the missing substances. Glucocorticoid deficiency must be substituted by oral administration of 20 – 30 mg of cortisone per day. The natural fluctuation of the cortisone level is observed: 20 mg in the morning, 10 mg in the evening. This is supplemented by … Therapy | Symptoms of Addison’s disease
Products Fludrocortisone acetate is commercially available as tablets and ear drops (Florinef, Panotile). It has been approved in many countries since 1964. Structure and properties Fludrocortisone acetate (C23H31FO6, Mr = 422.5 g/mol) is white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Fludrocortisone acetate (ATC H02AA02) is mineralocorticoid with glucocorticoid component of action. Indications … Fludrocortisone Acetate
Background Potassium ions play an important role in many biological processes, particularly in the generation of membrane and action potentials and electrical conduction in nerve cells and the heart. Potassium is 98% localized intracellularly. The primary active transporter Na+/K+-ATPase provides transport into cells. Two hormones maintain the deep extracellular potassium concentration. The first is insulin, … Hyperkalemia (High Potassium)
Definition A secondary adrenal cortex insufficiency is caused by a deficiency of the hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). This hormone is naturally produced in the pituitary gland and has a stimulating effect on the production of cortisol and the sex hormones, the so-called androgens. Pathological changes in the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis, can … Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency
The treatment The treatment of secondary adrenal insufficiency is usually with the administration of drugs. The missing cortisol is thus replaced. The dosage of the cortisol is important here; this can change depending on physical condition or performance requirements. In the case of a febrile infection, for example, the body’s cortisol requirement can increase – … The treatment | Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency
