Antitussives are used to treat diseases with irritating cough. They provide a stilling of the cough, colloquially antitussives are therefore also called cough suppressants. Coughing is a common symptom of colds or flu-like infections and can be very distressing to the patient. What are antitussives? In most cases, antitussives are found in what are called … Antitussives: Effect, Uses & Risks
Products Medicines containing zipeprol are no longer on the market in many countries. Mirsol is no longer available. Zipeprol is classified as a narcotic. Structure and properties Zipeprol (C23H32N2O3, Mr = 384.5 g/mol) is a disubstituted piperazine derivative with a non-opioid structure. Effects Zipeprol (ATC R05DB15) has antitussive properties. In addition, anticholinergic, antihistamine, local anesthetic, … Zipeprol
Products Dihydrocodeine is commercially available as sustained-release tablets, drops, and syrup (Codicontin, Paracodin, Escotussin, Macatussin Syrup). It has been approved in many countries since 1957. Structure and properties Dihydrocodeine (C18H23NO3, Mr = 301.4 g/mol) is a hydrogenated derivative of codeine. It is present in drugs as dihydrocodeine thiocyanate, dihydrocodeine hydrochloride, or dihydrocodeine tartrate. Dihydrocodeine tartrate … Dihydrocodeine
Cough syrup as an intoxicant Many antirritant cough syrups contain active ingredients that are psychoactive in high doses and can be abused as intoxicants. Substances include, for example: Opioids such as codeine, dihydrocodeine and ethylmorphine. NMDA antagonists: dextromethorphan Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine and oxomemazine. Phenothiazines: promethazine (out of commerce). Such drugs are unlike other drugs … Misuse of Cough Syrup
Products Benproperine is commercially available in the form of tablets (Tussafug). The drug is not registered in many countries. Structure and properties Benproperine (C21H27NO, Mr = 309.4 g/mol) is a piperidine derivative. It is present in the drug as a racemate and benproperine phosphate. Effects Benproperine (ATC R05DB02) has antitussive properties. It is not opioid … Benproperine
Withdrawal from the market Rhinathiol Promethazine (Sanofi-Aventis Suisse SA, category C) contained a combination of the sedative antihistamine promethazine and the expectorant mucolytic carbocisteine. According to the package insert, the syrup could be taken for both productive cough and irritable cough (1). It was frequently used in children. The drug was withdrawn from the market … Rhinathiol Promethazine
Products Dextromethorphan is available in the form of tablets, lozenges, sustained-release capsules, syrup, and drops, among others (in many countries, for example, Bexin, Calmerphan, Calmesin, Pulmofor, combination preparations). The first drugs came on the market in the 1950s. Structure and properties Dextromethorphan (C18H25NO, Mr = 271.4 g/mol) was developed as an analog of codeine and … Dextromethorphan
Cough irritation usually occurs in conjunction with a cold. Because sufferers cough constantly, it can be a major problem, especially at night – namely, when it interferes with sleep. However, it can also be due to other causes. What is cough irritation? Also known as dry irritable cough in medical terminology, the term refers to … Cough Irritation: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Cough drops are used against diseases of the respiratory tract, whereby the therapy is distinguished between expectorant cough drops and classic cough suppressants. Pharmaceutical cough drops usually require a prescription and a pharmacy, while natural- and homeopathic-based cough drops are also available without a doctor’s prescription. What are cough drops? Expectorant cough drops exert the … Cough Drops: Effect, Uses & Risks
Products Codeine is available alone or in combination with other active ingredients in the form of tablets, effervescent tablets, capsules, dragées, syrups, drops, bronchial pastilles, and as suppositories. It is also combined fixedly with acetaminophen for the treatment of pain (see under codeine acetaminophen). Structure and properties Codeine (C18H21NO3, Mr = 299.36 g/mol) is -methylated … Codeine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Ambroxol is commercially available in the form of lozenges, sustained-release capsules, and syrup (e.g., Mucosolvon), among others. It has been approved in many countries since 1982. Structure and properties Ambroxol (C13H18Br2N2O, Mr = 378.1 g/mol) is present in drugs as ambroxol hydrochloride, a white to yellowish crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. … Ambroxol (Mucosolvan)
Products Butamirate is commercially available as a syrup, drops, and depot tablets (e.g., NeoCitran cough suppressant, formerly Sinecod). It has been approved in many countries since 1965. Structure and properties Butamirate (C18H29NO3, Mr = 307.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as butamirate dihydrogen citrate. It has structural similarities to the antitussive butetamate. Butamirate is not … Butamirate