Introduction Biotransformation is an endogenous pharmacokinetic process that leads to a change in the chemical structure of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The organism’s general goal in doing so is to make the foreign substances more hydrophilic and to direct them to excretion via the urine or stool. Otherwise, they could be deposited in the body and … Metabolism (Biotransformation)
Atovaquone is one of the most important drugs for the prevention and treatment of malaria tropica. It is considered equally effective and rich in side effects and is usually used in conjunction with other preparations. It can be administered by a physician or by the patient and is regal orally. What is atovaquone? Atovaquone is … Atovaquone: Effects, Uses & Risks
Indications Infections with protozoa Agents 1. agents for amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis: nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole (Flagyl, generic). Tinidazole (Fasigyn, off label). Ornidazole (Tiberal) Other: Atovaquone (Wellvone) Other, not commercially available in this indication: Clioquinol Chlorquinaldol Emetine 2. antimalarials: See under antimalarials 3. agents against leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis: Pentamidine isethionate (pentacarinate). Eflornithine (Vaniqa, not commercially available for … Antiprotozoal Agent
Products Proguanil is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and exclusively as a fixed combination with atovaquone (Malarone, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1997. Generics went on sale in 2013. Structure and properties Proguanil (C11H16ClN5, Mr = 253.7 g/mol) is an active ingredient of the biguanide group. It exists … Proguanil
Symptoms The disease manifests itself differently depending on the pathogen, age and condition of the animal can also be subclinical. Possible symptoms include high fever, lassitude, poor appetite, weight loss, hemolytic anemia (anemia), pale mucous membranes, hemoglobinuria, brown urine, and jaundice. In addition, oedema, bleeding, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, ocular disease, and complications of various organs may … Babesiosis in Dogs
Products Atovaquone is commercially available in suspension and film-coated tablet form (Wellvone, Malarone + Proguanil, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1996. Structure and properties Atovaquone (C22H19ClO3, Mr = 366.8 g/mol) is a hydroxynaphtoquinone derivative and has structural similarities to ubiquinone. It is lipophilic and exists as a yellow crystalline powder that … Atovaquon
Symptoms Malaria (Italian, “bad air”) manifests itself in the following symptoms, which usually appear a few weeks after transmission. The incubation period ranges from a few days to several years: High fever, sometimes with rhythmic attacks of fever, every second or third day. However, the fever may also occur irregularly. Chills, profuse sweating. Headache, muscle … Malaria Causes and Treatment
Effects Antiparasitic against plasmodia. Indications Malaria Malaria prophylaxis Also for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, lupus erythematosus. Off-label: some antimalarials such as quinine and chloroquine are used off-label to treat calf cramps. Active ingredients Aminoquinolines: Amodiaquine Chloroquine (Nivaquine, out of commerce). Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) Mepacrine Pamaquin Piperaquine Primaquine Tafenoquin (crinoline) Biguanides: Proguanil (Malarone + Atovaquone). Cycloguanilembonate … Antimalarials
