Products Janus kinase inhibitors are commercially available in the form of tablets and capsules with different galenics. Structure and properties The structure of Janus kinase inhibitors is characterized by nitrogen heterocycles, which are often condensed. Effects The agents have selective immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. The effects are based on inhibition of Janus kinases (JAK). … Janus Kinase Inhibitors
Symptoms Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, benign, and noninfectious skin disease. It manifests as symmetrical (bilateral), sharply demarcated, bright red, dry, raised plaques covered by silvery scales. Typically affected areas are the elbows, knees, and scalp. Itching, a burning sensation and pain are other symptoms, and scratching further aggravates the condition. Psoriasis can also affect … Psoriasis Causes and Treatment
Products The first therapeutic monoclonal antibody was approved in 1986. Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3) binds to the CD3 receptor on T cells and has been used in transplantation medicine. Numerous drugs containing antibodies are now available. A selection of active substances can be found at the end of this article. These are expensive drugs. For example, … Monoclonal Antibodies
Products Therapeutic proteins are usually administered in the form of injection and infusion preparations and must be stored in a refrigerator. The first recombinant protein to be approved was human insulin in 1982. Some proteins, for example, are also available in tablet, capsule, and powder form and can be stored at room temperature, such as … Therapeutic Proteins
Definition Active ingredients are the active components of a drug that are responsible for its pharmacological effects. Drugs may contain a single active ingredient, multiple active ingredients, or complex mixtures such as herbal extracts. In addition to the active ingredients, a drug contains various excipients that should be as pharmacologically inert as possible. The percentage … Pharmaceutical Active Ingredient
Products Direct factor Xa inhibitors are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and capsules. In 2008, rivaroxaban (Xarelto) was the first agent in this group to be approved in many countries and in the EU. Today, there are other drugs on the market, which are listed below. Like thrombin inhibitors, these active ingredients … Factor Xa Inhibitors
Products VEGF inhibitors are commercially available as injectables from various suppliers. The first agent in this group to be approved was pegaptanib (Macugen) in 2004, which is now off the market in many countries. Structure and properties The currently available VEGF inhibitors are therapeutic proteins (biologics). They are antibodies, antibody fragments, and fusion proteins. They … VEGF Inhibitors
Products Numerous drugs are available in the form of prefilled syringes. These include, for example, low-molecular-weight heparins, epoetins, methotrexate, TNF-alpha inhibitors, and vaccines. Many, but not all, must be stored in the refrigerator. These should not be frozen. Prefilled syringes should be stored in the package to protect them from light. Structure and properties Prefilled … Prefilled Syringes
Products Immunosuppressants are commercially available in numerous dosage forms, for example, as creams, ointments, tablets, capsules, solutions, eye drops, and injectables. Structure and properties Within immunosuppressants, several groups can be identified. These include steroids such as the glucocorticoids, substances of microbiological origin such as ciclosporin and mycophenolate mofetil, derivatives of nucleic acids and their components … Immunosuppressants
Products Vaccines are mainly sold as injectables. Some are also taken perorally as oral vaccines, for example, in the form of capsules (typhoid vaccine) or as a suspension for oral administration (rotavirus). Monopreparations and combination preparations are commercially available. Vaccines, with few exceptions, are stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 … Vaccines
Products Trometamol is found as an excipient in drugs, for example, in liquid and semisolid dosage forms. It should not be confused with triethanolamine (trolamine). Structure and properties Trometamol (C4H11NO3, Mr = 121.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or as colorless crystals and is readily soluble in water. It contains both hydroxyl groups … Trometamol
Background Medicines are usually stored at room temperature between 15 to 25 °C (sometimes up to 30 °C). However, for relatively many drugs, storage in the refrigerator at a temperature between 2 to 8 °C is mandatory. Why? At a low temperature, the molecular movement and reactivity of the compounds is reduced, germ growth is … Store Cool
