Symptoms Migraine occurs in attacks. It may announce itself up to three days before an attack with various precursors (prodromes). These include, for example: Mood changes Fatigue Hunger Frequent yawning Irritability Aura may occur before the headache phase in up to about one-third of patients: Visual disturbances such as flickering lights, dots or lines, facial … Migraine Headache
Products Celiprolol is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Selectol). It has been approved in many countries since 1987. Structure and properties Celiprolol (C20H34ClN3O4, Mr = 415.95 g/mol is a racemate and is present in drugs as celiprolol hydrochloride, a white to pale yellow crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects … Celiprolol
Symptoms In venous insufficiency, the normal return flow of venous blood to the heart is disturbed due to various causes. The following symptoms occur on the legs, especially the ankle and lower leg: Superficial venous dilatation: Varicose veins, spider veins, varicose veins. Pain and heaviness, tired legs Fluid retention, swelling, “water in the legs”. Calf … Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Products Lacidipine was commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Motens, off label). It was approved in many countries since 1992. Distribution was discontinued in 2016. Structure and properties Lacidipine (C26H33NO6, Mr = 455.5 g/mol) is a lipophilic dihydropyridine and structurally related to the precursor nifedipine. Effects Lacidipine (ATC C08CA09) is vasodilator and antihypertensive. … Lacidipine
Products Ranolazine is commercially available in the form of sustained-release tablets (Ranexa). It was approved in the United States as early as 2006, in the EU in July 2008, and in many countries in April 2010. Structure and properties Ranolazine or ()–(2, 6-dimethylphenyl)-4(2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-propyl)-1-piperazine acetamide (C24H33N3O4, Mr = 427.54 g/mol) is a piperazine derivative and a … Ranolazine
Products Spasmolytics are commercially available in the form of tablets, suppositories, and injectables, among others. In many countries, scopolamine butylbromide is among the best-known representatives. Structure and properties Spasmolytics are often derived from the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine from nightshade plants or from the benzylisoquinoline papaverine from the opium poppy. Effects Spasmolytics have spasmolytic … Spasmolytics
Products Mibefradil (Posicor tablets) was launched in many countries in 1996 and withdrawn from the market in 1998 because of potential interactions. It is no longer commercially available. Structure and properties Mibefradil (C29H38FN3O3, Mr = 495.6 g/mol) is a benzimidazole and a tetralol derivative. It is present in drugs as mibefradildihydrochloride. Effects Mibefradil (ATC C08CX01) … Mibefradil
Symptoms Pulmonary arterial hypertension may initially be asymptomatic. It manifests as symptoms such as difficulty breathing that worsens with exertion, shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, brief loss of consciousness, cyanosis, and palpable heartbeats. Possible complications include cor pulmonale, blood clots, arrhythmias, and bleeding. Causes The condition is caused by an increase in pressure in … Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Products Flunarizine is commercially available in tablet form (Sibelium). It has been approved in many countries since 1979. Structure and properties Flunarizine (C26H26F2N2, Mr = 404.49 g/mol) is present in drugs as flunarizine dihydrochloride, a white powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Effects Flunarizine (ATC N07CA03) has antivertiginous and depressant properties. It is a … Flunarizine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms High blood pressure is often asymptomatic, meaning that no symptoms occur. Nonspecific symptoms such as headache, bleeding in the eye, nosebleeds, and dizziness are observed. In advanced disease, various organs such as the vessels, retina, heart, brain and kidney are affected. Hypertension is a known and important risk factor for atherosclerosis, dementia, cardiovascular diseases … Hypertension
Products Atenolol is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Tenormin, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1976 and is also combined fixed with chlortalidone (Tenoretic). Structure and properties Atenolol (C14H22N2O3, Mr = 266.3 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as a white powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Effects … Atenolol
Products Clevidipine is marketed as an oil-in-water emulsion for intravenous injection (Cleviprex). It was approved in the United States in 2008 and in many countries in 2010. It is also registered in several European countries. Structure and properties Clevidipine (C21H23Cl2NO6, Mr = 456.32 g/mol) is a racemate of – and -levidipine. Both enantiomers are involved … Clevidipine
