Brief overview Description: Calf cramps are sudden, short, involuntary and painful contractions of a muscle part, a whole muscle or a muscle group in the calf. Causes: usually unknown or harmless (e.g., severe muscle tension during exercise, severe water and salt loss due to sweating, etc.). More rarely, calf cramps are signs of a disease … Calf cramps: Causes and treatment
Products Gels are commercially available as pharmaceuticals, medical devices and cosmetics. Structure and properties Gels consist of gelled liquids. They are prepared with suitable swelling agents (gelling agents). These include, for example, celluloses (e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose), starches, carbomers, gelatin, xanthan gum, bentonite, agar, tragacanth, carrageenan, and pectin. The pharmacopoeia distinguishes between hydrophilic and lipophilic gels. … Gels
Stem plant Vahl, Rubiaceae, China tree. Medicinal drug Cinchonae cortex – cinchona bark: the whole or cut bark of Vahl ( Pavon), of (Weddell), of (Moens ex Trimen), of their varieties and hybrids (PhEur). The PhEur requires a minimum content of alkaloids. Preparations Cinchonae extractum ethanolicum liquidum Ingredients Alkaloids: quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine. Tannins Effects … Chinese Tree
Products Quinine is approved in many countries in the form of dragées for malaria therapy (quinine sulfate 250 Hänseler). In Germany, film-coated tablets of 200 mg quinine sulfate are commercially available for the treatment of calf cramps (Limptar N). Structure and properties Quinine (C20H24N2O2, Mr = 324.4 g/mol) usually exists as quinine sulfate, a white … Quinine
Symptoms Fibromyalgia is a chronic, noninflammatory disorder that manifests as pain throughout the body and is characterized by numerous other complaints. It is much more common in women than in men and usually first appears in middle age. Chronic, bilateral, diffuse pain. Muscle pain, pain in the limbs, back pain, joint pain, neck pain, headaches, … Fibromyalgia Causes and Treatment
Products Bazedoxifene is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Conbriza). It has been approved in many countries since 2010. In 2015, a fixed combination with conjugated estrogens was registered (Duavive). This article refers to monotherapy. Structure and properties Bazedoxifene (C30H34N2O3, Mr = 470.60 g/mol) is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator developed from … Bazedoxifene
Products The most famous product with the acetic-tartaric clay solution was Euceta Gel, which also contained chamomile extract and arnica tincture. It has been off the market since 2014. Various successor products with a comparable composition have been launched. In addition, the solution is also contained, among other things, in traction ointments. The acetic-tartaric alumina … Acetic-Tartaric Alumina Solution
Products Magnesium chloride is available in pharmacies and drugstores as an open commodity usually as magnesium chloride hexahydrate. Retailers can order it from specialized service providers such as Hänseler. Other drugs, including infusion solutions and capsules, are on the market. Structure and properties Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2 – 6 H2O, Mr = 203.3 g/mol) is … Magnesium Chloride
Products Magnesium orotate is commercially available as a monopreparation in tablet form (e.g., Burgerstein Magnesium Orotate). Structure and properties Magnesium orotate (C10H6MgN4O8, Mr = 334.5 g/mol) is the magnesium salt of orotic acid. Orotic acid is a pyrimidine derivative. Magnesium orotate is usually present in drugs as magnesium orotate dihydrate. 400 mg magnesium orotate dihydrate … Magnesium Orotate
Symptoms Nighttime calf cramps are painful and involuntary muscle contractions of the legs that often occur in the calves and feet. They last only a few minutes but can continue to cause discomfort for hours. They are particularly common in older people over 60 years of age. They are benign complaints. The most important complication … Nocturnal Calf Cramps
Products Horse chestnut extracts are available in the form of topical preparations such as gels and ointments, and oral forms such as tablets, dragées, capsules, tinctures, and drops (e.g., Aesculaforce, Phlebostasin, Venostasin). Furthermore, numerous cosmetics and alternative medicine products such as homeopathics and anthroposophics are on the market. In addition to the extracts, the ingredient … Horse Chestnut: Medicinal Uses
Symptoms In venous insufficiency, the normal return flow of venous blood to the heart is disturbed due to various causes. The following symptoms occur on the legs, especially the ankle and lower leg: Superficial venous dilatation: Varicose veins, spider veins, varicose veins. Pain and heaviness, tired legs Fluid retention, swelling, “water in the legs”. Calf … Chronic Venous Insufficiency
