So-called echopraxia is characterized by affected individuals compulsively imitating and repeating the movements of others. The manifestation is one of the echomatisms that occur symptomatically in adults as part of mental illnesses such as Tourette syndrome or schizophrenia. In some cases, echopraxia may also occur in dementia patients. What is echopraxia? The term echopraxia refers … Echopraxia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Adrenocorticotropin (also adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH for short) is better known as the “stress hormone” because the body secretes it especially in stressful situations. ACTH is produced in the anterior pituitary of the brain, and is produced when corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is superior to ACTH, stimulates the anterior pituitary to do so. ACTH stimulates … Adrenocorticotropin: Function & Diseases
Adrenogenital syndrome is referred to as “congenital androgenital disorder associated with enzyme deficiency” according to the WHO catalog number E25.0. It is caused by disorders in the synthesis of hormones in the adrenal cortex and results in a deficiency of cortisol in the body. What is adrenogenital syndrome? Adrenogenital syndrome is caused by disorders in … Adrenogenital Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
What is tertiary adrenal cortex insufficiency? In the literature, adrenal cortex hypofunction resulting from the inadequate intake or incorrect dose reduction of cortisol is often referred to as tertiary adrenal cortex insufficiency. In many cases, especially inflammatory diseases, cortisol can improve the symptoms. If cortisol is suddenly discontinued, the body’s lack of self-production can lead … Tertiary adrenal cortex insufficiency
Therapy The treatment of the tertiary form of adrenal cortex insufficiency is the same as for primary and secondary forms, with the administration of cortisol. The amount of cortisol should also be adjusted to the physical strain, i.e. the cortisol must be administered in higher doses in certain situations that put the body under stress. … Therapy | Tertiary adrenal cortex insufficiency
Difference to secondary adrenal cortex insufficiency Secondary adrenal insufficiency is a functional impairment of the pituitary gland or adenohypophysis. It is often a benign tumor that leads to such impairment. Without the effect of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex lacks its drive to produce cortisol and the sex hormones (androgens). … Difference to secondary adrenal cortex insufficiency | Tertiary adrenal cortex insufficiency
Symptoms Acute stress manifests itself in the following physiological reactions of the organism, among others: Increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Increased blood flow and energy supply to skeletal muscles. Fast breathing Decreased activity of the intestine and urogenital tract. Reduced sex drive General activation, tension Pupil dilation Complications Unlike acute and positively experienced … Stress
Catecholamines are biogenic amines and perform important functions as neurotransmitters and hormones. The best-known substances from this group are the stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. When the adrenal medulla is underfunctioning, an undersupply of catecholamines sets in, accompanied by fainting spells. What are catecholamines? Catecholamines are biogenic amines that appear particularly as neurotransmitters. They originate … Catecholamines: Function & Diseases
People living in Western industrialized nations usually consume about 50% carbohydrates per day in their diet. Low Carb consists of feeding less carbohydrates daily and goes back to the Englishman William Bantin (19th century), who practiced this diet on the advice of his doctor and described it in a book. He himself had lost 23 … Low Carb: Treatment, Effects & Risks
Low density lipoproteins form one of several lipoprotein classes that are able to take up cholesterol and other water-insoluble lipophilic substances and transport them in the blood serum. LDLs perform the task of taking up cholesterol at its point of origin – predominantly the liver – and delivering it to target tissues. In contrast, high-density … Low Density Lipoproteins: Function & Diseases
The preparation There are a few points to consider in the preparation. The patient should be fasting when taking the blood sample so that the values are not falsified. However, sufficient water (no coffee, no other sweet drinks such as orange juice) should be drunk. An increased amount of liquid makes it easier to take … The preparation | The dexamethasone inhibition test
The risks Risks in a dexamethasone test are not known. Hypersensitivity to the active substance can lead to allergic reactions. What are the alternatives? There are alternative test methods available – such as a cortisol determination in the 24-hour urine collection, a so-called CRH test and an insulin hypoglycaemia test. They are best carried out … The risks | The dexamethasone inhibition test
