The cranial calvaria, in Latin calvaria, is the bony roof of the skull and consists of flat, flattened bones (ossa plana). It is also part of the neurocranium, the skull, and at the same time the bone which encloses the brain. The flat bones are connected by so-called sutures: these are seams between two bones, … Cranial Calvaria: Structure, Function & Diseases
Microvascular decompression is the short name for one of two common neurosurgical procedures used to treat trigeminal neuralgia. The procedure is used when trigeminal neuralgia at the exit site of the nerve in the posterior fossa is caused by pathologic contact with the supplying artery. The procedure involves elimination of compression by insertion of tiny … Microvascular Decompression: Treatment, Effects & Risks
In the middle ear of the human ear, there are three ossicles that are hinged together and transmit the mechanical vibrations of the eardrum to the cochlea in the inner ear. The middle ossicle is called the incus. It receives the vibrations of the hammer and transmits them to the stapes with mechanical amplification. Although … Anvil: Structure, Function & Diseases
The constrictor pharyngis medius muscle is a pharyngeal muscle and consists of two parts. It is responsible for constricting the pharynx of the mouth, thereby pushing food or fluid toward the esophagus (food pipe). Functional limitations of the constrictor pharyngis medius muscle are often manifested in swallowing and speech disorders. What is the constrictor pharyngis … Musculus Constrictor Pharyngis Medius: Structure, Function & Diseases
The petrous bone is a bone and is part of the human skull. It is located at the base of the skull and is part of the temporal bone (Os temporale). In its pyramid-like basic shape lies the inner ear with the organ of equilibrium and the cochlea. Of clinical importance for the petrous bone … Petrous Bone: Structure, Function & Diseases
The eyelid closure reflex is a so-called polysynaptic foreign reflex that serves to protect the eyes from foreign body exposure and dehydration. The reflex can be triggered by tactile, visual, or auditory stimuli; startle can also activate the reflex. It always affects both eyes, even in the case of tactile or optical stimuli that occur … Eyelid Closure Reflex: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Vagotomy is the surgical severing of branches of the vagus nerve that supply the secretory cells of the stomach or duodenum. The operation is mainly used in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers, as such ulcers are due to excessive acid secretion. Meanwhile, conservative drug solutions have largely replaced vagotomy. What is vagotomy? Vagotomy is … Vagotomy: Treatment, Effect & Risks
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is one of the DNA virus forms. Chickenpox and shingles can be caused by it. VZV is a herpes virus. What is varicella-zoster virus? Humans are the only natural hosts of these herpes viruses. They have a worldwide distribution. The varicella-zoster virus is enveloped in a membrane. This membrane contains a double-stranded … Varicella Zoster Virus: Infection, Transmission & Diseases
The orbicularis oris reflex is a pathologic extraneous reflex of the orbicularis oris muscle that is triggered by tapping the corners of the mouth. In neurological diagnostics, the presence of the reflex movement refers to brain-organic damage. Often, the reflex is preceded by causative ischemia in the region of the pons. What is the orbicularis … Orbicularis Oris Reflex: Function, Role & Diseases
The abducens nerve is the VIth cranial nerve. It is responsible for the movement of the eyeball. It is composed primarily of motor fibers and innervates the lateral straight muscle. What is the abducens nerve? The abducens nerve is the VIth of the total XII. Cranial Nerves. Like most other cranial nerves, it supplies areas … Abducens Nerve: Structure, Function & Diseases
Pain in the back of the head as an indication of a tumor? Many patients with headaches worry that a tumor could be behind their complaints. Only in a very small proportion of cases do back headaches actually indicate a serious illness. A tumor is most likely to be a possible cause when the pain … Pain in the back of the head as an indication of a tumor? | Pain in the back of the head
Introduction Almost everyone suffers from headaches more or less frequently in their lives. As with all headaches, including headaches in the back of the head, the causes are usually harmless and are rarely due to a dangerous or malignant disease. Causes Tension in the neck or jaw muscles is considered the most common cause of … Pain in the back of the head
