Androgens: Steroid Hormones

Products Androgens are commercially available as oral tablets and capsules, transdermal gels and transdermal patches, and injectables, among others. Testosterone was first isolated in the 1930s. Structure and properties Androgens generally have a steroidal structure and are related to testosterone. They are steroid hormones that are often present as esters in drugs. Effects Androgens (ATC … Androgens: Steroid Hormones

Doping in Competitive Sports

Products Doping agents include approved drugs, legal and illegal intoxicants, experimental agents, and illegally manufactured and trafficked substances. Doping includes non-drug doping methods, such as blood doping, in addition to drugs. Effects Doping agents differ in their pharmacological activities. Stimulants, for example, stimulate and thus increase alertness and aggressiveness for competition. In contrast, beta-blockers provide … Doping in Competitive Sports

Bioidentical Hormones

Definition Bioidentical hormones are pharmaceutical agents which are structurally and functionally identical to the natural hormones produced by the human body itself. In the narrow sense, this refers primarily to female and male sex hormones, namely dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, estriol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone. In a broader sense, it also includes other hormones such as levothyroxine … Bioidentical Hormones