Falling into different states of mind is part of everyday life for people. Sometimes they feel down and sad, then again they are powerful and joyful and feel a great euphoria. Often there is no obvious explanation for one feeling or the other. Sometimes, however, the ability to feel euphoria can be prevented. What is … Euphoria: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
The area postrema is located at the rhomboid fossa in the brainstem and is part of the vomiting center. This functional unit of the nervous system elicits vomiting when appropriately stimulated, thereby performing a protective role. Antiemetics inhibit this response as part of the treatment of traumatic brain injury and other neurologic conditions. What is … Area Postrema: Structure, Function & Diseases
Amfepramone is an indirect alpha-sympathomimetic and is used in Germany as an appetite suppressant. Because of a not inconsiderable potential for abuse, the active ingredient is prescribed only in urgent cases for a short time for the supportive treatment of obesity. What is amfepramone? Because of a not insignificant potential for abuse, the drug is … Amfepramone: Effects, Uses & Risks
Pheochromocytoma refers to an adrenal medullary tumor. It is capable of producing hormones. What is a pheochromocytoma? A pheochromocytoma is a tumor in the adrenal medulla. In most cases, the hormone-producing tumor is benign. Hormones produced include mostly epinephrine and norepinephrine. In 85 percent of all cases, the tumor is located on the adrenal gland. … Pheochromocytoma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
The drug cocaine is considered one of the strongest stimulants: it lifts the mood, makes awake and powerful. And it is dangerous. What is cocaine? The drug affects neurotransmitter activity in the brain. Cocaine is extracted from the leaves of the coca bush (Erythroxylum coca). It thrives primarily on the Andean slopes of Colombia, Bolivia … Cocaine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Symptoms People with sugar addiction are dependent on foods high in sugar and exhibit daily and uncontrolled consumption. Sugar addiction can manifest as dependence, tolerance, binge eating, craving, and withdrawal symptoms. Sugary foods are also consumed as sedatives, for stress relief, fatigue, tension and mood disorders. Possible negative consequences include tooth decay, gum problems, mood … Sugar Addiction
Neurotransmitters are something like the couriers of our body. They are biochemical substances that have the task of transmitting signals from one nerve cell (neuron) to the next. Without neurotransmitters, the control of our body would be completely impossible. What are neurotransmitters? The term neurotransmitter already describes the usefulness of these messenger substances very well, … Neurotransmitters: Structure, Function & Diseases
Products Entacapone was commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Comtan). It was approved in many countries since 1999. In 2017, distribution was discontinued. A fixed combination with levodopa and carbidopa has also been available since 2004 (Stalevo). Generic versions of the combination drug were approved in 2014. Structure and properties Entacapone (C14H15N3O5, Mr … Entacapon
Hydroxylations are chemical reactions that involve the introduction of hydroxyl groups into a molecule. In the context of metabolism, enzymes provide the catalysis of hydroxylations. The corresponding enzymes are called hydroxylases. What is hydroxylation? In the context of metabolism, enzymes provide catalysis of hydroxylations. The corresponding enzymes are called hydroxylases. Hydroxylations are very common in … Hydroxylation: Function, Role & Diseases
Products Amphetamines are commercially available as drugs in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, capsules, and sustained-release capsules. Structure and properties Amphetamines are derivatives of amphetamine. It is a methylphenethylamine structurally related to endogenous monoamines and stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. Amphetamines are racemates and the –enantiomers. Effects Amphetamines have sympathomimetic, central stimulant, bronchodilator, psychoactive, … Amphetamines
Products Benserazide is commercially available in fixed combination with levodopa in tablet and capsule form (Madopar). It has been approved in many countries since 1973. Structure and properties Benserazide (C10H15N3O5, Mr = 257.2 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as benserazide hydrochloride, a white to yellowish-white or orange-white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in … Benserazide
Products Gammahydroxybutyrate is commercially available as an oral solution (Xyrem). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. The drug belongs to narcotics and requires an aggravated prescription. GHB is also known to be manufactured and trafficked illegally. Structure and properties The free γ-hydroxybutyric acid (C4H8O3, Mr = 104.1 g/mol) is a colorless and … Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
