Products Dexmethylphenidate is commercially available in the form of capsules with a modified release of active ingredient (Focalin XR). It was approved in many countries in 2009. Since it does not contain L-threo-methylphenidate, the strengths are correspondingly half less (5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg) than Ritalin LA (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 … Dexmethylphenidate
Products MDA is one of the narcotics and banned substances in many countries. It is not commercially available. MDA was first synthesized in 1910. Structure and properties Methylenedioxyamphetamine (C10H13NO2, Mr = 179.2 g/mol) is a 3,4-methylenedioxy derivative of amphetamine. It is structurally closely related to ecstasy (methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA). Some ecstasy tablets contain MDA instead of … MDA (Methylenedioxyamphetamine)
Adenosine is a building block essential for the energy metabolism of the human body. Therapeutically, adenosine is used in particular to regulate cardiac arrhythmias and to lower blood pressure. What is adenosine? Therapeutically, adenosine is used in particular to regulate cardiac arrhythmias as well as to lower blood pressure. Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that … Adenosine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Agomelatine is sold in Germany under the name Valdoxan and has only been on the market for a few years. It is a melatonin receptor agonist, which is mainly used for mild to severe depression and can also combat chronic sleep disorders within a certain range. What is agomelatine? Agomelatine promotes the release of norepinephrine … Agomelatine: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Promazine is commercially available in the form of dragées (Prazine). It has been approved in many countries since 1957. Structure and properties Promazine (C17H20N2S, Mr = 284.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as promazine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. It is a dimethylamine derivative of phenothiazine and structurally … Promazine
Products Sympathomimetics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, injectable solutions, eye drops, and nasal sprays. Structure and properties Sympathomimetics are structurally derived from the natural neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. Effects Sympathomimetics have sympathomimetic properties, meaning that they promote the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, a portion of the … Sympathomimetics
Since the end of the 20th century, it has been known that the brain is capable of forming new cells even in adulthood through neurogenesis. Accordingly, neurogenesis is the formation of new neurons from progenitor and stem cells, which occurs both during embryogenesis and in the adult nervous system. What is neurogenesis? Neurogenesis is the … Neurogenesis: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Products Lisdexamphetamine (LDX) was approved in many countries in March 2014 in capsule form (Elvanse). It has been available in the United States since 2007 (Vyvanse). The dosage form is non-retarded, unlike other ADHD medications. Continuous release is achieved with the conversion of the prodrug. Lisdexamphetamine is legally classified as a narcotic and therefore requires … Lisdexamphetamine
Interleukins form a subset of cytokines, cellular messengers that control the immune system. Interleukins are short-chain peptide hormones of 75 to 125 amino acids. They mainly control the local deployment of leukocytes at sites of inflammation, although they can also have systemic effects as in triggering fever. What are interleukins? Interleukins (IL) are short-chain peptide … Interleukins: Function & Diseases
Products Bupropion is commercially available in the form of sustained-release tablets (Wellbutrin XR, Zyban). The two drugs are used for different indications (see below). The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1999. Structure and properties Bupropion (C13H18ClNO, Mr = 239.7 g/mol) is present as a racemate and as bupropion hydrochloride, a white … Bupropion
Products In many countries, finished medicines containing cocaine are currently no longer commercially available. However, they can be prepared as an extemporaneous prescription in a pharmacy. Cocaine is subject to the Narcotics Act and requires an aggravated prescription, but it is not banned as a drug. It is also sold as an illegal narcotic on … Cocaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Apomorphine‘s similarity to dopamine, a neurotransmitter produced naturally in the body, makes it one of the most effective dopamine mimics available to medicine and pharmacy today. Formerly used primarily as an emetic, apomorphine now serves a broader range of actions in a variety of indication settings. What is apomorphine? The agent receives its most common … Apomorphine: Effects, Uses & Risks