How fumaric acid works From a chemical point of view, fumaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid with four carbon atoms. It is used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of drug salts (e.g. clemastine fumarate). Its esters (= compounds formed from organic acids and alcohols by splitting off water), the so-called fumarates, are used … Fumaric acid: Effects, application areas, side effects
Stem plant Fumariaceae, Earth smoke. Medicinal drug Fumariae herba – fumitory herb. Ingredients Isoquinoline alkaloids Flavonoids Fumaric acid Phenolic carboxylic acids Effects Antispasmodic Choleretic Fields of application Cramp-like gastrointestinal complaints Cramp-like discomfort in the biliary tract area Dosage As an infusion, average daily dose 6 g. Adverse effects None known
Definition Carboxylic acids are organic acids with the general structure R-COOH (less commonly: R-CO2H). It is composed of a residue, a carbonyl group, and a hydroxyl group. The functional group is called the carboxy group (carboxyl group). Molecules with two or three carboxy groups are called dicarboxylic acids or tricarboxylic acids. An example of a … Carboxylic Acids
Products Dimethyl fumarate is commercially available in the form of capsules with enteric-coated microtablets (Tecfidera). It has been approved in many countries since 2014. Dimethyl fumarate is also approved for the treatment of psoriasis (Skilarence). This article is related to MS therapy. In 2019, a new prodrug of the active ingredient was approved; see diroximelfumarate … Dimethyl Fumarate
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Structure and properties Many active pharmaceutical ingredients are present in the drug as organic salts. This means that the active ingredient is ionized and its charge is neutralized by a counterion (English ). For example, naproxen is present in the over-the-counter pain reliever as a sodium salt. In this form, it is referred to as … Active Ingredient Salts
Symptoms Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, benign, and noninfectious skin disease. It manifests as symmetrical (bilateral), sharply demarcated, bright red, dry, raised plaques covered by silvery scales. Typically affected areas are the elbows, knees, and scalp. Itching, a burning sensation and pain are other symptoms, and scratching further aggravates the condition. Psoriasis can also affect … Psoriasis Causes and Treatment
Products Fumaric acid is used as an excipient in medicinal products. Active ingredients are also derived from it. Structure and properties Fumaric acid (C4H4O4, Mr = 116.1 g/mol) is a dicarboxylic acid. It exists as a white, crystalline and odorless powder or as crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. The pharmacopoeia defines it in … Fumaric Acid
Products Siponimod was approved in film-coated tablet form in the United States in 2019 and in many countries in 2020 (Mayzent). Structure and properties Siponimod (C29H35F3N2O3, Mr = 516.6 g/mol) is present in the drug as a 2:1 co-crystal with the fumaric acid and as a white powder. The drug was developed starting from fingolimod, … Siponimod
Products Acid regulators are available as pure substances in specialized stores, for example in pharmacies and drugstores. They are found in numerous foods as additives (with E numbers) and in medicines as excipients. Structure and properties Acidity regulators are organic and inorganic acids and bases. Some examples are listed below: Acids: Adipic acid Malic acid … Acid Regulators
Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid that is adequately supplied in the diet. It is a component of most proteins. Along with glutamate, aspartic acid functions as a neurotransmitter. What is aspartic acid? Aspartic acid represents a nonessential amino acid that is sufficiently present in all protein-containing foods. It contains two acid groups, making … Aspartic Acid: Function & Diseases
The remedy fumaric acid has been known since ancient Greece. The active ingredient occurs naturally and can also be produced synthetically. It is mainly used in industry and also in medicine. There, fumaric acid is used to treat psoriasis and a certain form of multiple sclerosis. It inhibits specific immune cells. What is fumaric acid? … Fumaric Acid: Function & Diseases
