Effect Nitroimidazoles are antibacterial (bactericidal) and antiparasitic. They are reduced under anaerobic conditions to cytotoxic metabolites that covalently bind to and damage DNA. The damage may take the form of loss of helical structure, impaired matrix function, or strand breaks, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis. Indications Spectrum: gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and some … Nitroimidazole
Main representative The main representative of nitromidazoles is metromidazole. Classification This substance belongs to the group of nitroimidazoles. Besides metronidazole, the drugs tinidazole and nimorazole belong to this rather small group of substances. Metronidazole is also known under the trade name ClontR. It is a standard and collaborative drug in the treatment of anaerobic infections. … Metronidazole and other nitromidazoles
Interactions As mentioned above, metronidazole should not be combined with alcohol due to intolerance development. If the drugs barbiturates and phenytoin are administered at the same time, a faster degradation of metronidazole and a resulting reduction in the effect must be expected due to an enzyme acceleration. If blood thinners (anticoagulants) are combined with metronidazole, … Interactions | Metronidazole and other nitromidazoles
Causes In the development of duodenal ulcers, the balance between protective and aggressive factors in the intestinal mucosa plays a role. In a healthy body, the aggressive stomach acid that flows from the stomach into the duodenum is neutralized by a protective layer of mucus on the intestinal mucosa. If this balance is destroyed, i.e. … Causes | Duodenal ulcer
Can a duodenal ulcer become malignant? A malignant (malignant) degeneration rarely occurs in duodenal ulcers. Malignant degeneration occurs in about 1-2% of patients with peptic ulcer, and in duodenal ulcer degeneration is much rarer. In chronic cases, degeneration is generally more probable, which is why an endoscopic examination should be performed at least every two … Can a duodenal ulcer become malignant? | Duodenal ulcer
Diagnosis The diagnosis of duodenal ulcer consists of several steps. First of all, a detailed patient interview (anamnesis) is made with subsequent examination of the patient. A rectal examination by palpation is seldom carried out during which non-visible – so-called occult – blood in the stool can be detected. A reliable diagnosis is made by … Diagnosis | Duodenal ulcer
Definition The duodenal ulcer (Ulcus duodeni) is an inflammatory wound of the intestinal mucosa in the area of the duodenum. The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine following the stomach. The ulcer, i.e. the wound, extends beyond the muscle layer of the mucous membrane of the small intestine (lamina muscularis mucosae). Dangerous … Duodenal ulcer
Introduction In general it can be said that an existing discrepancy between factors that damage the mucous membrane (e.g. gastric acid) and those that protect it (mucous layer) can lead to chronic gastritis. Types of gastritis Basically there are 3 different types of chronic gastritis: Type A Gastritis Type B Gastritis Type C Gastritis The … Chronic gastritis
Symptoms / Complaints As a complication of chronic gastritis type B and C a gastric ulcer can occur, which can lead to acute gastric bleeding. As already described for acute gastritis, gastric bleeding can have different effects. Clues can be hidden (occult) blood in the stool, tar stools, as a coffee grounds-like mass or light … Symptoms / Complaints | Chronic gastritis
Therapy chronic gastritis As a general therapy for inflammation of the stomach lining, care should be taken to avoid substances that irritate the stomach, such as coffee, alcohol, nicotine and spicy foods. Type A – gastritis: In autoimmune gastritis, the cause of the inflammation is not treated, but only the symptoms and complications. It is … Therapy chronic gastritis | Chronic gastritis
Duration of chronic gastritis It is not possible to say in general how long a chronic gastritis lasts, the healing process can vary greatly from person to person and depends on various factors. In contrast to the acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which subsides without consequences after a few days, one speaks of a … Duration of chronic gastritis | Chronic gastritis
Summary Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative rod bacterium. There are more than 300 different strains, which are distributed worldwide, are regionally and familially abundant, and their genetic information sometimes varies considerably. What they all have in common is a whole range of different adaptation mechanisms that enable it to survive in its main reservoir, the … Helicobacter pylori
