Basilar impression is a pathological abnormality in the area of the cervical vertebrae. The abnormality is seen in the transitional craniocervical region, with an impression developing on the second vertebra of the neck. In particular, the dens axis is affected. Because the basilar impression occurs near the foramen magnum, the condition narrows this segment. What … Basilar Impression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
The border cord is a concatenation of nerve cell body clusters that is part of the sympathetic nervous system. The individual portions of the border cord send sympathetic nerves to the neck, chest, sacrum, and abdomen. Like all other nerve branches, border cord-associated nerve branches may be affected by paralysis. What is the border cord? … Boundary Cord: Structure, Function & Diseases
The mediastinum corresponds to a tissue space of the thoracic cavity that houses all thoracic organs except the lungs. The organs are embedded within the mediastinum in connective tissue, which maintains their shape and performs supportive as well as protective functions. The mediastinum often becomes clinically relevant due to mediastinal tumors, which can displace the … Mediastinum: Structure, Function & Diseases
Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy is the name given to a surgical procedure used to treat hyperhidrosis. It involves the transection of ganglia that belong to the sympathetic nervous system. What is endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy? ETS is a minimally invasive surgical method used to treat excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is a minimally invasive surgical … Endoscopic Transthoracic Sympathectomy: Treatment, Effects & Risks
Wallenberg syndrome involves occlusion of the vertebral artery or the inferior posterior cerebellar artery. The condition is also known synonymously as Wallenberg-Foix syndrome or Viesseaux-Wallenberg. As a result, infarction occurs in a specific area of the brainstem called the dorsolateral medulla oblongata. Basically, it is a rare type of stroke. What is Wallenberg syndrome? In … Wallenberg Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
It is known that the pupil changes as soon as it is confronted with high or low light exposure. The effect occurs, for example, when someone comes out of bright daylight into a dark room. In this way, the eye always adapts to its environment. This is the pupillary reflex, also known as light or … Pupillary Reflex: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Horner syndrome refers to specific nerve damage that affects various eye muscles. The condition consists of a three-part symptom complex (a so-called symptom triad): this symptom triad includes a drooping upper eyelid, significant pupil constriction, and an eyeball that sinks into the eye socket. What is Horner syndrome? The trisection described above of pupil constriction, … Horner Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
The stellate ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies arising from the fusion of two ganglia of the sympathetic border cord. Sympathetic nerve fibers branch off from the ganglion to the head, neck, arm, heart, and lungs. The stellate ganglion is used in stellate blockade for therapeutic release of venous spasm. What is the … Ganglion Stellatum: Structure, Function & Diseases
Cluster headache is characterized by periodic unilateral attacks of pain of the most severe intensity in the temporal and ocular regions, which primarily affect young men. Because of the unexplained etiology of cluster headache, there are no causal therapies. However, if therapy is started early, cluster headache can be treated well with medication. What is … Cluster Headache: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Miosis is the bilateral constriction of the pupils in response to light stimulus or as part of near fixation. When miosis is present without a light stimulus and independent of near fixation, this phenomenon has disease value. Intoxications are as likely a cause as meningitis or lesions of the pons. What is miosis? Miosis is … Miosis: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
