Synonyms Medical: Meninx encephali Definition The meninges are a connective tissue layer that surrounds the brain. In the spinal canal, it merges into the spinal cord skin. The human being has three meninges. From outside to inside, these are the hard meninges (dura mater or leptomeninx encephali), and the soft meninges (pia mater or pachymeninx … Meninges
Pia mater The pia mater forms the innermost layer of the meninges. It lies directly against the brain tissue and also follows its twists and turns. It forms a layer of connective tissue around the blood vessels entering the nerve tissue and thus accompanies them to the inside of the brain. Innervation and blood supply … Pia mater | Meninges
Irritation of the meninges The meninges are innervated by sensitive nerves and are therefore sensitive to pain. For this reason, an irritation of the meninges can trigger symptoms such as headaches. Irritation of the meninges can have various causes: For example, sunstroke alone can cause irritation of the meninges. However, viral infections are often the … Irritation of the meninges | Meninges
Meningeal injury Depending on which area of the meninges is injured, different consequences follow and different treatments are required: Bridge veins run between the cytoplasm, the so-called arachnoidea mater, and the hard meninges, the so-called dura mater. If an injury occurs in the area of these veins, a venous bleeding, also called subdural bleeding, occurs. … Meningeal injury | Meninges
General information There are numerous different cytostatic drugs that have their point of attack at different points in a tumour cell. The cytostatic drugs are divided into groups according to their respective mechanisms of action. The most important cytostatic drug groups are listed below. However, in view of the abundance of terms, brand names and … Substances used in chemotherapy
Antibodies This way of fighting tumours is relatively new. First of all, an explanation of what an antibody actually is: It is a protein that plays a major role in the immune defence. An antibody specifically recognizes a foreign structure, an antigen, binds it and thus leads to its destruction. The special thing about an … Antibodies | Substances used in chemotherapy
Since cytostatic drugs are (cell-)toxic drugs that effectively damage the tumour, but at the same time affect healthy cells during chemotherapy, they must be given time to recover. That is why chemotherapy is not given every day like many other drugs, but in so-called cycles. This means that cytostatic drugs are given at certain intervals, … Implementation of chemotherapy
General information Since all cytostatic drugs damage normal cells as well as tumour cells, side effects of chemotherapy are inevitable. However, these are accepted as only an aggressive therapy can fight the tumour. However, it is rarely possible to predict the severity of the side effects, as these vary from patient to patient. The type … Side effects of chemotherapy
Synonyms in the broadest sense Radiation therapy, tumour therapy, breast cancer Chemotherapy is the drug treatment of a cancerous disease (tumour disease) that affects the entire body (systemic effect). The drugs used are so-called cytostatics (Greek from cyto= cell and static= stop), which aim to destroy or, if this is no longer possible, to reduce … Chemotherapy
Synonyms in a broader sense meningeal tumor, tumor of the meninges, brain tumor Definition Meningioma Meningeomas are benign tumors that originate from the meninges. The meninges surround the brain and spinal cord like a kind of protective cover. They grow displacing. As they are limited in their growth on one side by bones, they press … Meningioma
Cause These are cell proliferations and uncontrolled growth in quantity and size of cells of the meninges. However, as with most tumors, the cause is unknown. In children who were irradiated because of another tumor disease, a higher risk of developing a meningioma was found. However, most meningiomas occur spontaneously. However, deletions (deletions) of genetic … Cause | Meningioma
Therapy The radical surgical removal of the tumor leads to the healing of the patient and is therefore the method of first choice. Even in the case of a relapse, the focus is on repeat surgery. The indication for surgical removal of the tumor is usually given. A total removal of the tumor is desirable. … Therapy | Meningioma
