Products Injection preparations are approved as medicinal products. Structure and properties Injection preparations are sterile solutions, emulsions, or suspensions prepared by dissolving, emulsifying, or suspending the active ingredient and excipients in water or a suitable nonaqueous liquid (e.g., fatty oils). Compared with infusions, these are usually small volumes in the range of less than a … Injections
Products Transdermal patches are approved as medicinal products. They offer themselves as an alternative to other modes of application such as peroral and parenteral administration. The first products were launched in the 1970s. Structure and properties Transdermal patches are flexible pharmaceutical preparations of varying sizes and thinness that contain one or more active ingredients. They … Transdermal Patches
Definition Onset of action is the time at which the effect of a drug becomes observable or measurable. There is a delay between the administration of the drug (application) and the onset of action. We refer to this period of time as the latency period. It is in the range of minutes, hours, days, or … Onset of Action
Definition In an intramuscular injection, a drug is administered into a skeletal muscle using a syringe and cannula. From the muscle, it enters the bloodstream through the vessels and is distributed throughout the body. Application sites A common site of application for small volumes of up to 2 ml is the deltoid muscle of the … Intramuscular Injection
Definition In an intravenous injection, a small volume of a drug is administered into a vein using a needle and syringe. The active ingredients disperse into the bloodstream and reach their site of action. For repeated administration, venous access is established with a peripheral venous catheter. Larger volumes can be infused during an intravenous infusion. … Intravenous Injection
Products Legally, a distinction can be made between legal intoxicants (e.g., alcohol, nicotine) and prohibited substances (e.g., many hallucinogens, some amphetamines, opioids). Some substances, such as the opioids or the benzodiazepines, are used as drugs and are legally available with a doctor’s prescription. However, their use as intoxicants is not intended and is therefore referred … Intoxicant
Products Vaccines are mainly sold as injectables. Some are also taken perorally as oral vaccines, for example, in the form of capsules (typhoid vaccine) or as a suspension for oral administration (rotavirus). Monopreparations and combination preparations are commercially available. Vaccines, with few exceptions, are stored in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 … Vaccines
