Products Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is the active ingredient in most self-tanning products, which are commercially available in the form of lotions, sprays and gels, among others. Its effect on the skin was first discovered in the 1950s by Eva Wittgenstein in Cincinnati. Structure and properties Dihydroxyacetone (C3H6O3, Mr = 90.1 g/mol) is a simple carbohydrate belonging … Dihydroxyacetone
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Products Antiepileptic drugs are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, syrups, as nasal sprays, enemas, and as injectables, among others. Structure and properties The antiepileptic drugs are structurally heterogeneous agents. Within the class, several groups can be identified (see below). Effects The agents have antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant … Antiepileptic Drugs
Products Carbohydrates (“sugars”) are found in many natural and processed foods, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and dietary supplements. For example, foods containing carbohydrates include pasta, cereals, flour, dough, bread, legumes, potatoes, corn, honey, sweets, fruits, sweet beverages, and dairy products. Structure Carbohydrates are natural products and biomolecules that are usually composed of only carbon (C), hydrogen … Carbohydrates: Role in Diet
Products Xylose is available in specialty stores. The name is derived from the Greek name for wood (xylon). Structure and properties The D-xylose (C5H10O5, Mr = 150.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or colorless needles and is readily soluble in water. It is a monosaccharide (a carbohydrate) and an aldopentose, that is, a … Xylose
Products Bread is available, for example, in bakeries and grocery stores, and people also like to make their own. Most additives for baking bread are available in pharmacies and drugstores. Ingredients Only four basic ingredients are needed to make a loaf of bread: Cereal flour, e.g. wheat, barley, rye and spelt flour. Drinking water Salt … Bread
Products Fructose is available as a pure substance in pharmacies and drugstores. It is also present in countless products, foods and beverages mainly as a component of ordinary sugar (sucrose). Sucrose consists of one molecule each of fructose and glucose covalently bonded to each other and is broken down into its components in the intestine. … Fructose Health Benefits
Symptoms Ingestion of FODMAP may cause digestive disturbances: Increase in motility and water content in the small intestine, shortening of transit time, urge to defecate, diarrhea. Constipation Gas formation, flatulence Expansion of the intestinal lumen (distension), abdominal pain, abdominal cramps. Nausea This can trigger and aggravate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. … FODMAP
Products Glucose is found in numerous medicines, medical devices, in dietary supplements, and in countless natural and processed foods (e.g., bread, pasta, candy, potatoes, rice, fruits). As a pure substance, it is available as a pharmacopoeia-grade powder in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties D-glucose (C6H12O6, Mr = 180.16 g/mol) is a carbohydrate belonging to … Glucose
Products D-mannose is available as a medical device in many countries and is commercially available as powder and in tablet form from various suppliers. Structure and properties The α-D-mannose (C6H12O6, Mr = 180.2 g/mol) is a naturally occurring simple sugar (a monosaccharide), which belongs to the aldohexoses and carbohydrates. It exists as a white powder … D-Mannose
Products Disaccharides are found in many foods and in pharmaceuticals. Pure disaccharides are available in pharmacies, for example. Structure and properties Disaccharides are carbohydrates consisting of two monosaccharides that are glycosidically linked. They are formed from two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction that releases water. Disaccharides occur as natural substances in plants, animals and fungi, … Disaccharides
Products Pure galactose is available in specialty stores, such as pharmacies and drugstores. The name is derived from the Greek name for milk (galactos). Structure and properties The D-galactose (C6H12O6, Mr = 180.2 g/mol) exists as a white, crystalline or fine-grained powder and is readily soluble in water. It is a monosaccharide and an aldohexose … Galactose
