In the root of the sleeping berry, approximately 1.33% of withanolides and 0.13%-0.31% of alkaloids are present. In comparison, in the leaves, the concentrations of withanolides and alkaloids are increased by 1.8 times and 2.6 times, respectively.The extracts used in dietary supplements are usually standardized to 1.5% withanolides . The German Federal Institute for Risk … Winter Cherry (Withania Somnifera): Supply Situation
Silymarin is a fruit extract and comes from milk thistle (Silybum marianum). This medicinal plant belongs to the composite family (Asteraceae), subfamily Carduoideae. With a stem height of 20 cm to 150 cm, the annual to biennial herb is easily recognizable by its white-green marbled leaves and purple flower. Milk thistle grows preferentially on dry, … Silymarin (Milk Thistle Fruit Extract): Definition, Metabolism, Bioavailability
Intake recommendations of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are not yet available for probiotics. Foods containing strains of bacteria with probiotic activity, such as lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli). Acidified milk products Tilsit Fermented vegetables Acidified milk/soured milk Mountain cheese Sour cucumbers Buttermilk Cheddar Sauerkraut Sour cream Brie Beet Yogurt Camembert Green beans (lactic acid fermented) … Probiotics: Food
Several studies examined the intake of high doses of probiotics over a long period of time. To date, no side effects have been identified with probiotic ingestion. Even at doses equivalent to 1,000 times the normal intake, no associations between infections that occurred and probiotic intake were identified. The Federal Institute for Consumer Health Protection … Probiotics: Safety Assessment
Rose root (Rhodiola rosea) is a member of the family of the thick-leaf plants (Crassulaceae) and grows both in the high mountains and on moist cliffs of the Arctic or northern regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. In the folk medicine of these countries, rose root has been traditionally used for exhaustion, mental illness, … Rose Root (Rhodiola Rosea): Definition
Rhodiola rosea is one of the herbal adaptogens according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA). According to initial studies, the physiologically active substances, such as rosavins, support the organism in stressful situations and increase stress resistance. The immune system is adapted to stress, so that the organism is better able to cope with extraordinary stress. … Rose Root (Rhodiola Rosea): Functions
In vitro studies demonstrate that constituents of rose root extract have inhibitory effects on various enzyme activities (e.g., CYP3A4, CYP19). CYP3A4 is used to metabolize (metabolize) drugs and CYP19 catalyzes estrogen synthesis. Interactions with drugs and food are possible, but have not been observed in animal or human studies to date. Therefore, due to the … Rose Root (Rhodiola Rosea): Interactions
Rose root is mainly used as an herbal remedy. In the Komi Republic in the Northern Urals, a handful of the dried roots was poured over 500 ml of vodka or boiled water and used as a tincture or extract. Especially in Siberia, Alaska and Greenland, rose root is sometimes consumed as a vegetable or … Rose Root (Rhodiola Rosea): Food
The German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) has conducted a risk assessment for Rhodiola rosea and concluded that there is no hazard potential at daily doses of 100-1,800 mg of rose root (mostly as root extract) Rose root contains, among other substances, the cyanogenic glycoside lotaustralin. When the plant is injured, cyanides (salts of … Rose Root (Rhodiola Rosea): Safety Assessment
Phospholipids, also called phosphatides, are present in every cell of the human body and belong to the membrane lipid family. They form the main component of the lipid bilayer of a biomembrane, such as the cell membrane. In the myelin membrane of Schwann’s cells, which surround the axons of nerve cells, the phospholipid content is … Phospholipids
Various definitions currently exist for the term probiotics (Greek pro bios – for life). According to the definition by Fuller 1989, a probiotic is “a preparation of living microorganisms which, after oral application, influences the ratio of intestinal germs in such a way that positive effects on the organism result.” At the European level, the … Probiotics: Definition, Transport and Distribution
With the experimental and clinical studies currently available, it can be demonstrated that probiotics are capable of the following beneficial effects: Promotion or maintenance of optimal intestinal flora. Prevention of colonization of pathogenic germs in the intestine and the passage of pathogenic bacteria through the intestinal wall (translocation). Formation of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, … Probiotics: Functions
