The pia mater is the innermost meninges and nestles against the surface of the brain, also reaching the fine interstices of the cerebral convolutions (gyri) and folds (sulci). Together, the three meninges help protect the brain. The permeability of the pia mater is significant for the blood–brain barrier, the exchange of substances between cerebral fluids, … Pia Mater: Structure, Function & Diseases
General The meninges surround the brain. They are called meninges in the technical language. There are three layers of the meninges. The innermost layer, the so-called soft meninges (pia mater), lies directly next to the brain and is responsible, among other things, for supplying the cells with nutrients. This is followed by the spider web … Irritation of the meninges
Diagnosis In order to find a diagnosis, the physician performs a number of functional tests if there is a suspicion of meningitis. If these tests are “positive”, i.e. if the patient reacts to them with a certain movement, this indicates that irritation exists. When checking the Brudzinski sign, the patient lies on his back and … Diagnosis | Irritation of the meninges
Sun The sun can also cause meningitis. In this case the meningitis is a symptom of sunstroke. This occurs when the person affected has been in the sun for a long time with uncovered head and neck. The heat of the sun’s rays is decisive for the irritation. The heat, which then accumulates in the … Sun | Irritation of the meninges
Anatomy The brain ventricles or cerebral ventricles are fluid-filled cavities surrounded by brain tissue and connected to each other by small holes. In them, the so-called cerebrospinal fluid is produced and stored (colloquially called nerve fluid), a nutrient medium for nerve cells, which also serves to protect the brain and nerve structures. The cerebrospinal fluid … Brain Ventricle
Enlargement of the brain ventricles of the baby An expansion of the cerebrospinal fluid can also occur in babies.Such a “hydrocephalus” is caused by a predominant imbalance between production and absorption of the liquor. On average, 1 in 1000 babies is affected. Congenital hydrocephalus can have various causes. Possible causes are overproduction, a disturbance of … Enlargement of the brain ventricles of the baby | Brain Ventricle
In an epidural bleeding in the head, blood pours into the space between the skull bone and the outermost meninges, the dura mater. It can also be called an epidural hematoma because it is a bruise (haematoma) in the epidural space. The epidural space also exists in the spinal column, between the spinal canal and … Epidural bleeding
Symptoms Typical for an acute arterial epidural hemorrhage in the brain is the development of symptoms after a brief fainting (syncope). After regaining consciousness, a phase of symptomlessness may follow in which the patient clears up and complains of headaches only. These worsen dramatically in the course of time and are accompanied by psychological agitation … Symptoms | Epidural bleeding
Complications If the pressure is not relieved from the brain and the epidural bleeding continues to spread, life-threatening complications can arise. For example, the extreme space requirement can lead to the so-called constriction syndrome. There are two possible localizations. In the upper incarceration, the temporal lobe is pressed under the tentorium cerebelli, which consists of … Complications | Epidural bleeding
Brain In adults, the human skull is no longer capable of adapting to changes in pressure. If the intracranial pressure increases due to volume changes of tissue, blood or cerebrospinal fluid, a dangerous situation can arise relatively quickly. Most pressure conditions are caused by an increase in volume of the tissue, although in mild cases … Brain | Epidural bleeding
Frequency distribution Since epidural hematoma is in most cases associated with a craniocerebral trauma, the frequency distribution is accordingly designed to indicate the presence of this traumatic injury. Most craniocerebral trauma is caused by car accidents and most car accidents are caused by people of lower age. As a result, the majority of patients suffering … Frequency distribution | Epidural bleeding
