Definition Prescription drugs are a group of drugs that may be obtained from a pharmacy only with a doctor’s prescription. The prescription is usually issued during a consultation. Within this group, different dispensing categories exist in many countries. The presence of a doctor’s prescription is often a condition for the health insurance company to reimburse … Prescription Drugs
About 300 million tiny air sacs, with their thin, elastic membranes, ensure gas exchange: the intake of oxygen from the air we breathe and the release of carbon dioxide from the body. Without these alveoli, we would gasp for air like a fish on land. Chronic lung disease can cause these air chambers to expand, … Emphysema: When the Lungs are Overinflated
Products Isosorbide dinitrate is commercially available in many countries in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, sustained-release capsules, as an infusion concentrate, and as a spray (Isoket). The drug first came on the market in the 1940s. Structure and properties Isosorbide dinitrate (C6H8N2O8, Mr = 236.14 g/mol) exists as a white, fine, crystalline and odorless … Isosorbide Dinitrate
Products Treprostinil is commercially available as an infusion solution (Remodulin, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 2004. Structure and properties Treprostinil (C23H34O5, Mr = 390.5 g/mol) is a synthetic prostacyclin. Effects Treprostinil (ATC B01AC21) has vasodilator and antiplatelet properties. Indications Primary pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Products Epoprostenol is commercially available as a lyophilizate (Flolan, Veletri). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Epoprostenol (C20H32O5, Mr = 352.5 g/mol) is a synthetic prostacyclin. Effects Epoprostenol (ATC B01AC09) has antiplatelet and vasodilatory properties. Indications Pulmonary hypertension
Products Nitrates are commercially available in the form of chewable capsules, transdermal patches, infusion preparations, ointment, sustained-release tablets, sustained-release capsules, and sprays. As the first representative, nitroglycerin was already produced in the 19th century and used for the treatment of angina pectoris. Nitrates are thus among the oldest synthetic drugs. Structure and properties Organic nitrates … Organic Nitrates
Symptoms Possible symptoms of pulmonary embolism include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing, cyanosis. Chest pain Cough with blood or sputum Rapid heartbeat Fever, sweating Loss of consciousness (syncope) Low blood pressure, shock Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis, such as a swollen, warm leg The severity varies and depends, among other things, on how large … Pulmonary Embolism Causes and Treatment
Products Nitric oxide is commercially available as a gas for medical use (inhalation gas). It has been approved since 1999. Structure and properties Nitric oxide (NO, Mr = 30.0 g/mol) exists as a colorless gas that turns brown in air. It is a free radical. Nitrogen dioxide forms rapidly in air. Structure: -N=O Effects Nitric … Nitric Oxide
Introduction: What is pulmonary hypertension? When we talk about pulmonary hypertension, we are actually talking about high blood pressure, which only occurs in the lungs. Similar to normal high blood pressure (whereby the blood pressure is elevated in the entire body circulation), there are many causes for a change in blood pressure. This affects breathing … Pulmonary hypertension – How dangerous is it?
This is the prognosis of pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary hypertension is a disease that can only be cured in a few cases. Most people affected therefore retain the disease throughout their lives. The only chance of a cure is pulmonary hypertension, which is caused by blood clots. These can be removed in an operation lasting 8 … This is the prognosis of pulmonary hypertension | Pulmonary hypertension – How dangerous is it?
Course of disease and consequences of pulmonary hypertension At the beginning of the disease there is usually a slightly elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Due to this elevated blood pressure, the right half of the heart has to provide a greater pumping action. This usually trains the heart muscles first, causing them to … Course of disease and consequences of pulmonary hypertension | Pulmonary hypertension – How dangerous is it?
What is the life expectancy for pulmonary hypertension? Life expectancy with pulmonary hypertension is highly dependent on the disease underlying the elevated blood pressure. If the triggering disease is easily treatable (as in pulmonary hypertension, which is caused by many small blood clots), life expectancy is very good. People with pulmonary hypertension due to congenital … What is the life expectancy for pulmonary hypertension? | Pulmonary hypertension – How dangerous is it?
