How pramipexole works Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a disorder of movement and a lack of movement. It is essentially based on the fact that certain regions of the brain that control these movements die off. In the early stages of Parkinson’s disease, pramipexole mainly acts on the self-control circuit. By simulating a sufficient … Pramipexole: Effects, Uses, Side Effects
Products Benserazide is commercially available in fixed combination with levodopa in tablet and capsule form (Madopar). It has been approved in many countries since 1973. Structure and properties Benserazide (C10H15N3O5, Mr = 257.2 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as benserazide hydrochloride, a white to yellowish-white or orange-white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in … Benserazide
Symptoms Restless legs syndrome manifests as an uncomfortable and difficult-to-describe feeling in the legs and a strong urge to move the legs. Less commonly, the arms are also affected. The unilateral or bilateral insensations include, for example, a burning sensation, pain, pressing, creeping and a pulling sensation. The discomfort occurs mainly at rest, for example, … Restless Legs Syndrome Causes and Treatment
Products In many countries, no drugs containing trimetazidine are commercially available. In other countries, film-coated tablets of modified release and dropper solutions are available (e.g., Vastarel), among others. Structure and properties Trimetazidine (C14H22N2O3, Mr = 266.3 g/mol) is a piperazine derivative. It is present in the drug as trimetazidine dihydrochloride. Effects Trimetazidine (ATC C01EB15) has … Trimetazidine
Symptoms Nighttime calf cramps are painful and involuntary muscle contractions of the legs that often occur in the calves and feet. They last only a few minutes but can continue to cause discomfort for hours. They are particularly common in older people over 60 years of age. They are benign complaints. The most important complication … Nocturnal Calf Cramps
Products Magnesium is found in numerous pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements and is available in the form of tablets, effervescent tablets, chewable tablets, lozenges, capsules, direct granules, powder, injectable solution, and granules, among others. Structure and properties Magnesium (Mg, atomic number: 12) is present in drugs in the form of various inorganic and organic salts, such … Magnesium Health Benefits
Products Rotigotine is commercially available as a transdermal patch in various potencies (Neupro). It was approved in many countries in 2006 as the first TTS for Parkinson’s disease therapy. Structure and properties Rotigotine (C19H25NOS, Mr = 315.5 g/mol) is an aminotetralin and thiophene derivative structurally related to dopamine. It has a non-ergoline structure and exists … Rotigotine
Products Ropinirole is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Adartrel, Requip, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1996. Structure and properties Ropinirole (C16H24N2O, Mr = 260.4 g/mol) is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist and a dihydroindolone derivative. It is present in drugs as ropinirole hydrochloride, a white to yellow powder that … Ropinirole
Products Dopamine agonists are commercially available in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, transdermal patches, and injectables, among others. Structure and properties The first active ingredients, such as bromocriptine (Figure), were derived from ergot alkaloids. These are referred to as ergoline dopamine agonists. Later, agents with a nonergoline structure, such as pramipexole, were also developed. … Dopamine Agonists
Symptoms Growing pains are transient, bilateral pains in the legs that occur mainly in the evening and at night in children between the ages of 3 and 12. The joints are not affected and there is no evidence of injury, inflammation, or infection. The condition was first described in 1823 by French physician Marcel Duchamp. … Growing Pains
Symptoms Sleep disorder refers to an undesirable change in the usual sleep rhythm. This manifests itself in difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, insomnia, a change in sleep profile, sleep length, or inadequate rest. Sufferers are unable to fall asleep for long periods in the evening, wake up at night or early in the morning, … Sleep Disorders
Products Gabapentin is commercially available in the form of capsules and film-coated tablets (Neurontin, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1994. Pfizer launched pregabalin (Lyrica) as its successor in 2004. Structure and properties Gabapentin (C 9 H 17 NO 2 , M r = 171.2 g/mol) is structurally a GABA analog and … Gabapentin: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses