Products Some drugs are commercially available as mouthwashes. A selection of the active ingredients they contain is listed below: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea, mallow. Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Structure and properties Mouthwashes are liquid dosage forms for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the mouth and throat. They … Mouthwashes
Products Mouth sprays are commercially available as drugs, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Listed below are some active ingredients that are administered with an oral spray: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea. Gel former: celluloses Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Nitrates: isosorbide dinitrate Weaning agents: nicotine Cannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD), cannabis extract. Mouth … Mouth Sprays
Products Nasal sprays are very widely used and there are many different products on the market, which are approved drugs or medical devices (see below). Nasal sprays are also manufactured in pharmacies. Structure and properties Nasal sprays are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions intended for spraying into the nasal cavities. They may contain one or more … Nasal Sprays
Products Antibiotics (singular: antibiotic) are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, as infusion preparations, suspensions and syrups for children, and as granules, among others. There are also some topical preparations, such as creams, ointments, eye drops, eye ointments, ear drops, nasal ointments and sore throat tablets. The first active ingredient from … Antibiotics: Antibacterial Drugs
Procedure in the pharmacy Refer to the package insert for each drug. 1. If the suspension is needed immediately, it is prepared by the pharmacist. If this is not desired, it can also be prepared by the parents. General instructions (example!): Shake the bottle with the powder to loosen the powder. Carefully fill with tap … Antibiotic Suspensions for Children
Products Antiepileptic drugs are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, syrups, as nasal sprays, enemas, and as injectables, among others. Structure and properties The antiepileptic drugs are structurally heterogeneous agents. Within the class, several groups can be identified (see below). Effects The agents have antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant … Antiepileptic Drugs
Products The first active ingredient in the quinolone group to be introduced was nalidixic acid in 1967 (NegGram). It is no longer commercially available in many countries. Other drugs are available today (see below). Various dosage forms are available, for example, film-coated tablets, oral suspensions, eye drops, ear drops, and infusion solutions. Due to adverse … Quinolone
Products Methyl cellulose is found in pharmaceuticals as an excipient, for example in tablets. Structure and properties Methyl cellulose is a partially -methylated cellulose. It is a methyl ether. It exists as a white, yellowish-white to grayish-white powder that is hygroscopic when dried or as granules and is practically insoluble in hot water. Methyl cellulose … Methylcellulose
Definition Volume is the three-dimensional space occupied by a given amount of matter. According to the SI international system of units, the unit of measurement used is the cubic meter, which is a cube with an edge length of one meter. In practice, however, the liter (L, l) is much more common, especially for liquids. … Volume
Background Numerous drugs exist that must be shaken well immediately before administration. These include, for example, certain eye drops, nasal sprays, injectables, and antibiotic suspensions for children (see below). The reason is usually that the active ingredient in the drug is in suspension. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures of substances consisting of a liquid in which … Shake Before Use
Definition In an intramuscular injection, a drug is administered into a skeletal muscle using a syringe and cannula. From the muscle, it enters the bloodstream through the vessels and is distributed throughout the body. Application sites A common site of application for small volumes of up to 2 ml is the deltoid muscle of the … Intramuscular Injection
Products Lotions are commercially available as cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices, and as pharmaceuticals. Structure and properties Lotions are preparations for external application to the skin with a liquid to semi-solid consistency. They have similar properties to creams and are usually present as O/W or W/O emulsions or as suspensions. Lotions may contain active … Lotions
