Symptoms After the initial clinical manifestation in the form of chickenpox, the virus remains in a latent stage in the dorsal root ganglia for life. Reactivation of the virus occurs particularly in the presence of weakened immune defenses. Vesicles with cloudy contents form in the area supplied by the infected nerve, e.g. on the trunk … Shingles: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention
Products Tramadol is commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, melting tablets, drops, effervescent tablets, suppositories, and as a solution for injection. (Tramal, generic). Fixed combinations with acetaminophen are also available (Zaldiar, generic). Tramadol was developed by Grünenthal in Germany in 1962 and has been approved in many countries since 1977 and in the … Tramadol: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Possible symptoms of acute back pain include muscle aches, tension, stabbing pain, limited mobility, and stiffness. The pain may radiate down the leg (sciatic pain), and patients may be unable to stand up straight. While acute pain is comparatively treatable, chronic back pain poses a serious quality of life and mental health problem and … Back Pain Causes and Treatment
Products Tapentadol is approved in film-coated tablet, sustained-release tablet, and solution forms (Palexia /-retard). It was released in many countries in late February 2011 and went on sale in the fall. Tapentadol, like tramadol (Tramal, generics), was developed at Grünenthal. The sustained-release tablets were approved in 2013 and the solution went on sale in many … Tapentadol
Background Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter biosynthesized from the amino acid tryptophan by decarboxylation and hydroxylation. It binds to seven different families of the serotonin receptor (5-HT1 to 5-HT7) and elicits central and peripheral effects that affect mood, behavior, sleep-wake cycle, thermoregulation, pain perception, appetite, vomiting, muscles, and nerves, among others. Serotonin is vasoconstrictive … Serotonin Syndrome: Causes and Treatment
Background Opioids have been used as painkillers for thousands of years. Initially in the form of opium, the dried milky sap of the opium poppy L. (Papaveraceae). In the early 19th century, the pure opium alkaloid morphine was isolated for the first time and later administered with the newly invented hypodermic needle. In the 20th … Opioids: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
