Definition A decrease in the number of platelets due to the administration of heparin is called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). A distinction is made between two forms, the non-immunological form (HIT type I) and the antibody induced form (HIT type II). Introduction The word thrombocytopenia refers to a deficiency of thrombocytes, i.e. blood platelets. The word … Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Causes Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are either formed as a non-immunological, harmless early form (type I) or are based on the formation of antibodies against platelet factor 4/heparin complex (type II). These cause the blood to clump together and the platelets are, so to speak, “caught away” or “trapped”, they can no longer perform their natural function.Unfractionated … Causes | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Therapy The most important step in therapy is the immediate discontinuation of heparin if type II HIT is suspected. Also all other drugs containing heparin must not be used any further to prevent possible complications. These include ointments or catheter irrigations containing heparin. The anticoagulant therapy must be changed to non-heparin-based substances in order to … Therapy | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
The measures depend on the risk profile of developing a thrombosis and on the willingness of the affected person to cooperate (compliance). Note General information on the topic of thrombosis prophylaxis can be found on the homepage on the topic: Thrombosis prophylaxis Mobilization A significant risk factor for the development of a blood clot is … Measures of thrombosis prophylaxis
Antithrombosis stockings The antithrombosis stockings (ATS or also MTS) are mainly used clinically for postoperative thrombosis prophylaxis. They belong to compression class 1 and exert a pressure of about 20 mmHg. It is also important to select the correct size. For this purpose, the leg length and the thickest points on the thigh and calf … Antithrombosis stockings | Measures of thrombosis prophylaxis
The following drugs are used for thrombosis prophylaxis: Heparin Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux (Arixtra®) Acetylsalicylic acid Oral anticoagulants Thrombin inhibitors Note General information on the topic of thrombosis prophylaxis can be found on the homepage on the topic: Thrombosis prophylaxis Heparins The first large group of anticoagulant drugs for the prevention of thromboembolism are heparins. They are … Drug-induced thrombosis prophylaxis
Pentasaccharide FondaparinuxArixtra® The pentasaccharide fondaparinux (Arixtra®) is a synthetically produced 5-sugar that inhibits factor Xa in the coagulation cascade via antithrombin (a naturally occurring blood clotting inhibitor in the body). The drug is administered by subcutaneous administration (subcutaneously, see c.). Once absorbed into the bloodstream, it binds to antithrombin. The substance is excreted via the … Pentasaccharide FondaparinuxArixtra® | Drug-induced thrombosis prophylaxis
Homeopathic remedies Although homeopathic remedies are not suitable for the sole prophylaxis of thrombosis, they can also help to reduce the risk of thrombosis before and after surgery if the risk factors are low. Suitable remedies include Lachesis, horse chestnut and witch hazel (witch hazel). You can read more information on this topic here: Homeopathy … Homeopathic remedies | Drug-induced thrombosis prophylaxis
Primary hemostasis and platelet function The aim of primary hemostasis is to stop bleeding by forming a platelet (thrombus). The platelets are naturally involved in this process, as are a number of different factors (e.g. von Willebrand factor) and receptors. If, for example, a blood vessel is injured, it contracts in the primary reaction (vasoconstriction) … Primary hemostasis and platelet function | Start and duration of thrombosis prophylaxis
Note General information on the topic of thrombosis prophylaxis can be found on the homepage on the topic: Thrombosis prophylaxis Start of prophylaxis The start of thrombosis prophylaxis should be as early as possible to the risk-causing situation. Nowadays, thrombosis prophylaxis is routinely performed in inpatient surgical departments both peri- and postoperatively, usually until discharge. … Start and duration of thrombosis prophylaxis
Synonyms in a broader sense Thromboembolism prophylaxis Thrombosis protection Thrombosis prevention Thrombosis Blood Clot Embolism Definition and introduction In thrombosis prophylaxis, a distinction is made between physical and medicinal measures. The physical measures include : In drug intervention, a number of different drugs are available to reduce the blood‘s tendency to clot. The points of … Thrombosis prophylaxis
Secondary Hemostasis For permanent closure, the plug must be replaced by a fibrin thrombus. For this purpose, the fibrinogen (or factor I of the blood clotting cascade), which occurs in an inactive precursor in the blood, must be converted to fibrin. This requires a staggered activation of different clotting factors in the blood. This preceding … Secondary Hemostasis | Thrombosis prophylaxis
