Definition A decrease in the number of platelets due to the administration of heparin is called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). A distinction is made between two forms, the non-immunological form (HIT type I) and the antibody induced form (HIT type II). Introduction The word thrombocytopenia refers to a deficiency of thrombocytes, i.e. blood platelets. The word … Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Causes Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are either formed as a non-immunological, harmless early form (type I) or are based on the formation of antibodies against platelet factor 4/heparin complex (type II). These cause the blood to clump together and the platelets are, so to speak, “caught away” or “trapped”, they can no longer perform their natural function.Unfractionated … Causes | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Therapy The most important step in therapy is the immediate discontinuation of heparin if type II HIT is suspected. Also all other drugs containing heparin must not be used any further to prevent possible complications. These include ointments or catheter irrigations containing heparin. The anticoagulant therapy must be changed to non-heparin-based substances in order to … Therapy | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Chronic venous insufficiency results from a weakness of the veins. In this case, more and more blood accumulates in the leg veins, for example due to venous valves not closing properly. These veins dilate as a result. If this accumulation of blood persists, fluid can leak from the vessels. This causes water to accumulate in … Chronic venous insufficiency – You need to know that!
What stages are there? According to Widmer, chronic venous insufficiency is divided into three stages. The classification is based on the patient’s symptoms. In the first stage reversible water retention occurs. This means that the water retention, which manifests itself in the form of swelling of the legs, varies depending on the ambient temperature and … What stages are there? | Chronic venous insufficiency – You need to know that!
What can be long-term consequences? As a complication of chronic venous insufficiency, bleeding from the varicose veins, for example, can occur. This can be caused by the increased tension due to blood congestion or by an injury or accident. Often veins with a thin wall, which lie just under the skin, are affected. It then … What can be long-term consequences? | Chronic venous insufficiency – You need to know that!
What’s the prognosis? The duration and prognosis of chronic venous insufficiency depends on the stage of the disease. Especially in early stages, a rapid improvement of the symptoms can be seen with good therapy and conscious behaviour. Although more severe stages cannot usually be cured, much can be done to alleviate the symptoms. One of … What’s the prognosis? | Chronic venous insufficiency – You need to know that!
Synonyms in a broader sense Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Phlebothrombosis Venous thrombosis Pelvic vein thrombosis Venous thrombosis Blood Clot Leg vein thrombosis Lower leg thrombosis Economy class syndrome Tourist Class Syndrome Airplane thrombosis Definition Thrombosis A thrombosis is the clotting of blood (formation of a clot) in the blood vessel system, which leads to a … Thrombosis
CausesRisk factors There are many risk factors that increase the risk of thrombosis. It is the combination of different risk factors that increases the risk in particular. As safe factors of risk are considered: Operations (especially artificial hip joint and artificial knee joint) Overweight Smoking Gender (Women > Men) Lack of exercise (long-distance flights= economy … CausesRisk factors | Thrombosis
Diagnosis There are two ways to diagnose thrombosis safely. In addition to the symptoms that indicate a thrombosis, there are device-supported possibilities of Doppler sonography (ultrasound sonography) can be used to display the flow velocity in the vascular system. If a venous thrombosis is present, an interruption in the blood flow is detected. The ultrasound … Diagnosis | Thrombosis
Complications The most feared complication is pulmonary embolism. If the blood clot (thrombus) adheres only very loosely to the vessel wall, it may come loose. The thrombus now floats with the blood flow back to the heart and then to the lungs. The pulmonary arteries become increasingly narrow. The blood clot clogs the vessel and … Complications | Thrombosis
Thrombosis in the eye A thrombosis in the eye is also possible. In this case, the thrombus forms in a vein that supplies the retina and therefore leads to impaired vision. A quick therapy is important in order to be able to reverse the possible damage. Thrombosis in pregnancy During pregnancy the risk of thrombosis … Thrombosis in the eye | Thrombosis
