Urinary retention, urinary retention, ischuria lat. = Retentio urinaeEngl. = retention of urine Urinary retention is first diagnosed by means of a medical history and physical examination, whereby attention is paid to abdominal (through the abdomen) and rectal (through the rectum) palpability of the bladder. These examinations are supported by sonography (ultrasound), which reveals a … Treat urinary retention
Prostate carcinoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the tissue of the prostate. It is the most common carcinoma in men and is the third most common cause of cancer in men, leading to death. The frequency of this disease increases continuously with age. A characteristic feature of prostate cancer is its slow growth, … Prostate carcinoma
Symptoms There are almost no early warning signs of prostate cancer. Relevantly noticeable and specific symptoms usually do not appear until the advanced stage, which is why regular participation in routine examinations is very important. If the tumor is still confined to the prostate and presses against the urethra, urination may become difficult. These include, … Symptoms | Prostate carcinoma
Diagnosis In order to finally confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer, a biopsy is required, i.e. a sample is taken from the prostate gland and examined microscopically for degenerated cells. This is carried out if the palpation finding at the DRU was conspicuous, the PSA value exceeds 4ng/ml or a rapid increase in the PSA … Diagnosis | Prostate carcinoma
Staging Once the grading and staging has been completed and the PSA level determined, prostate cancers can be further grouped into different stages with similar prognosis. An often used classification is that according to UICC (Union internationale contre le cancer). Stage I prostate carcinomas are those that are confined to the prostate, have no lymph … Staging | Prostate carcinoma
OP The surgical treatment option is radical prostatectomy (RPE). The prostate gland (prostate) is completely cut out (ectomy), usually both seminal vesicles and possibly also affected lymph nodes in the immediate vicinity (regional lymph nodes). There are various surgical procedures. The operation can be performed through the abdomen (retropubic RPE) or from the perineum (perineal … OP | Prostate carcinoma
Definition A rupture of the bladder is defined as a rupture of the bladder, usually accompanied by urine leaking into the surrounding areas. The medical classification of a ruptured bladder depends on the location of the injury. Causes In most cases a rupture of the bladder occurs in connection with a pelvic fracture. Such pelvic … Ruptured bladder
Forecast The prognosis after a ruptured bladder depends on many different factors. First of all, dangerous complications occur significantly more frequently in intraperitoneal ruptured bladders, as urine can enter the abdominal cavity and cause infections. It can also lead to urosepsis, a dangerous complication in which bacteria enter the blood. In principle, it is important … Forecast | Ruptured bladder
Guidelines Pain that is acutely caused by kidney stones (so-called “colic”) requires direct drug therapy. Depending on the assessment of the pain, which can be done with the so-called pain scale, different medications are used according to the so-called step-by-step scheme. It is also possible to treat with certain medications during pregnancy. It is also … Therapy of kidney stones
2. surgical therapy Kidney stones can be shattered by shock waves generated outside the body without damaging the surrounding tissue. The shock waves are generated in different ways: either by underwater spark discharge, pulsed laser beams or by conversion of electromagnetic energy. The resulting shock waves must be focused so that the highest effectiveness is … 2. surgical therapy | Therapy of kidney stones
Which therapy for which stone? Renal calyx stone is usually not in need of therapy if there are no complaints, urinary retention or infection. In case of blood in the urine and non-treatable infection, as well as in certain occupational groups (pilots, professional drivers) ESWL renal pelvic stoneIn case of a stone (>5 mm) ESWL … Which therapy for which stone? | Therapy of kidney stones
