Products
In many countries, vitamin B12 is available as a monopreparation in the form of injectables and as a dietary supplement. Vitamin B12 is also combined with other vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and amino acids. Low- and high-dose preparations are available.
Structure and properties
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble B-group vitamin that contains cobalt as its central atom. Therapeutically, vitamin B12 is usually supplemented in the form of cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin. These are prodrugs that are metabolized in the body to the active form. They are present as dark red crystalline powders or crystals.
Effects
Vitamin B12 (ATC B03BA01) plays an important role in metabolism, particularly in nucleic acid synthesis, cell division, myelin formation, and hematopoiesis (blood formation). Vitamin B12 can be formed exclusively by microorganisms and is found primarily in meat, fish, shellfish, eggs and milk. The daily requirement for adults is 3 µg per day and is slightly increased during pregnancy and lactation.
Indications and indications
- For the prevention and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency.
- In combination with amino acids for reduced physical and mental performance, fatigue and nervous tension.
- As a vitamin B12 ointment for the external treatment of atopic dermatitis or psoriasis.
- As an antidote in cyanide poisoning (hydroxocobalamin short infusion).
- As a dietary supplement for general well-being.
Dosage
According to the product information. Vitamin B12 can be administered perorally or parenterally (e.g., intramuscularly). Tablets should usually be taken on an empty stomach.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Other agents may inhibit the absorption of vitamin B12 (eg, certain antibiotics, antiepileptic drugs, metformin, and acid blockers). Therefore, the vitamin generally should not be given concurrently with other medications.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions. Deficiencies of iron, folic acid, and potassium may occur due to increased hematopoiesis. However, vitamin B12 has a wide therapeutic range.
