Fructose Intolerance: Complications

• Abnormal bleeding
• Mucosal bleeding
• Hemorrhage into the muscles associated with weakness in heavily used muscles
• Gingivitis (inflammation of the gums)
• Joint stiffness and pain
• Poor wound healing

Carnitine deficit leads to

• Symptoms of exhaustion, fatigue, indifference, irritability, depression.
• Increased need for sleep, decreased performance.
• Weakness of the immune system with increased risk of infection
• Decreased oxidation protection increases the risk of heart disease, apoplexy (stroke)

Deficiency symptoms in children

• Weakened immune system
• Recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, urinary bladder, and the auditory tube, which is connected to the nasopharynx via the tympanic cavity of the middle ear

Increased risk of vitamin C deficiency disease – Möller-Barlow disease in infancy with symptoms such as.

• Hematomas (bruises)
• Pathological fractures associated with severe pain
• Wincing after every slightest touch – “jumping jack phenomenon”.
• Stagnation of growth

• Nerve disease in the extremities, pain or numbness of the extremities.
• Muscle pain, wasting or weakness, involuntary muscle twitching
• Hyperexcitability of the heart muscle and increase in heart rate (tachycardia); decrease in cardiac output (HMV).
• Memory loss
• General state of weakness
• Impaired collagen synthesis resulting in poor wound healing
• Insomnia, nervous disorders, sensory disturbances.
• Impaired leukocyte (white blood cell) response to inflammation.
• Anemia (anemia) due to decreased production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (erythrocytopenia; leukocytopenia; thrombocytopenia)
• Decreased production of antibodies
• Impairment of cellular and humoral immune defenses.
• States of confusion, headaches
• Gastrointestinal disorders, stomach pain, vomiting, nausea (nausea).

Deficiency symptoms in children

• Disorders of protein biosynthesis and cell division.
• Disorders of the central nervous system
• Beriberi – disturbance of nervous function and cardiac insufficiency.
• Skeletal muscle atrophy
• Increased risk of cardiac dysfunction and failure

• Indigestion – diarrhea
• Reduced absorption of nutrients and vital substances (macro and micronutrients).
• Weight loss

Blood count disorders

• Anemia (anemia) leads to rapid fatigue, shortness of breath, decreased ability to concentrate, general weakness.

Impaired formation of white blood cells (leukocytes) leads to.

• Reduction of the immune response to infections.
• Decreased antibody formation
• Risk of bleeding due to decreased production of platelets (thrombocytes).

Elevated homocysteine levels increase the risk for

• Atherosclerosis
• Coronary heart disease CHD)

Neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as.

• Memory impairment
• Depression
• Aggressiveness
• Irritability

Deficiency symptoms in children Disturbances in DNA synthesis – limited replication – and decreased cell proliferation increase the risk for

• Malformations, developmental disorders
• Growth retardation
• Maturation disorders of the central nervous system.
• Bone marrow alteration
• Deficiency of white blood cells (leukocytopenia) as well as platelets (thrombocytopenia).
• Anemia (anemia)
• Injuries to the mucosa of the small intestine
• Disorders of protein biosynthesis and cell division

• Decreased vision and blind spots
• Functional folic acid deficiency
• Weakened antioxidant protective system

Blood count

• Anemia reduces the ability to concentrate, leads to fatigue, weakness and shortness of breath.
• Reduction of red blood cells, larger than average and rich in hemoglobin (megaloblastic anemia).
• Impaired growth of white blood cells weakens the immune system
• Risk of bleeding due to reduced production of platelets.

Gastrointestinal tract

• Atrophy (tissue atrophy) and inflammation of the mucous membranes.
• Rough, burning tongue
• Reduced absorption of nutrients and vital substances (macro- and micronutrients).
• Anorexia, weight loss

Neurological disorders

• Numbness and tingling of extremities, loss of sensation of touch, vibration and pain.
• Poor coordination of the muscles, muscle atrophy.
• Unsteady gait
• Spinal cord damage

Psychiatric disorders

• Memory disorders, confusion, depression
• Aggressiveness, agitation, psychosis

• Decreased bone density
• Osteoporosis, especially in women with estrogen deficiency.
• Osteomalacia – bone softening as well as bone deformities.
• Tendency to stress fractures of the skeletal system.
• Muscle cramps, tendency to spasm, increased muscle contraction.
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Blood clotting disorders with increased bleeding tendency
• Increased excitability of the nervous system, depression.

Increased risk of

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Deficiency symptoms in children

• Impaired development of bones and teeth
• Decreased bone density in the newborn
• Formation of rickets – decreased mineralization of bones with tendency to spontaneous fractures and bone bending.

Symptoms of rickets

• Disturbances in the longitudinal growth of bones
• Deformed skeleton – skull, spine, legs.
• Atypical heart-shaped pelvis
• Delayed retention of deciduous teeth, jaw deformity, malocclusion of teeth.

Additional vitamin D deficiency leads to

• Hyperparathyroidism (hyperparathyroidism) – enlarged parathyroid tissue and increased production of parathyroid hormones.
• Hypercalcemic coma

• Insomnia, difficulty concentrating
• Muscle and vascular spasms
• Numbness as well as tingling in the extremities.
• Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) and other cardiac arrhythmias, feeling of anxiety.

Increased risk of

• Decreased immune response
• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
• Acute hearing loss

Deficiency symptoms in children

• Growth retardation
• Hyperactivity
• Insomnia, difficulty concentrating
• Muscle tremors, cramps
• Heart palpitations and arrhythmias
• Decreased immune response

• Muscle weakness, muscle paralysis
• Fatigue, apathy
• Nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, decreased bowel activity to intestinal obstruction.
• Decreased tendon reflexes
• Cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac enlargement, tachycardia, dyspnea

• Acid-base balance disorders
• Development of metabolic alkalosis
• Severe vomiting with high salt losses

• Disturbances in the functioning of the immune system
• Inhibition of cellular defense leads to increased susceptibility to infection
• Wound healing disorders and mucosal changes, as zinc is required for connective tissue synthesis
• Increased keratinization tendency
• Acne-like symptoms
• Blood clotting disorders, chronic anemia (anemia).
• Reduction of the sense of smell and taste, reduction of vision, night blindness, sensorineural hearing loss.
• Depression, psychosis, schizophrenia.

Metabolic disorders, such as.

• Weight loss despite increased food intake
• Failure of beta cells in the pancreas – high risk of developing adult-onset diabetes (type 2 diabetes mellitus)

Instead of zinc, the toxic cadmium is integrated into the biological processes, which leads to

• Inflammatory changes in the mucous membranes of the nose and throat.
• Cough, headache, fever
• Vomiting, diarrhea, cramping pain in the abdominal regions.
• Renal dysfunction and increased protein excretion.
• Osteoporosis, osteomalacia

Leads deficiency symptoms in children: Low concentrations of zinc in plasma and white blood cells (leukocytes) cause.

• Malformations and deformities especially of the central nervous system.
• Growth disorders and retardation with delayed sexual development.
• Skin changes in the extremities – hands, feet, nose, chin and ear – and natural orifices.
• Wound healing disorders
• Hair loss
• Acute and chronic infections
• Hyperactivity and learning disability