When mistletoe preparations are injected into or under the skin, local foci of inflammation develop, which can lead to tissue death (necrosis).
How does mistletoe lectin ML I work in mistletoe?
Presumably, mistletoe lectin ML I is the main factor responsible for the cytostatic (=inhibiting cell growth) effect of mistletoe.
ML I binds to tumor cells and causes them to clump together. At the same time, ML I also has an effect on immune cells, which then secrete substances that fight the tumor cells. ML I also increases the activity of the cellular immune system (macrophages, granulocytes) and T-helper cells.
All of this has so far only been demonstrated in animal studies and in laboratory experiments.
What are the other effects of mistletoe?
In the test tube (=in vitro) it was further observed that viscotoxins also inhibit tumor growth. All this leads to an increase in the body’s own defenses and reduced susceptibility to infections, relief of tumor-related pain and improvement in the general physical and psychological condition of tumor patients.
In animal studies, inhibition of metastasis formation has also been observed.
As a rule, low concentrations of injected mistletoe preparations have a rather non-specific immunostimulatory effect, and antitumor activity predominates at higher concentrations. Mistletoe preparations are also reported to have antihypertensive effects, but this has not yet been sufficiently scientifically proven.
Mistletoe: side effects
When mistletoe preparations are used, side effects may include chills, high fever, circulatory problems, headache, and pectanginal discomfort (chest tightness).
When injected under the skin (subcutaneously), allergic reactions such as redness, swelling and lumps may temporarily occur at the injection site. Furthermore, lymph node swelling and inflammatory irritation of the veins are possible.
What are the drug interactions with mistletoe?
Interactions with other agents are not currently known. However, mistletoe preparations should not be combined with other immunostimulants as a precaution.
