Products
Alogliptin is commercially available in film-coated tablet form as a monopreparation (Vipidia) and as a fixed combination with metformin (Vipdomet). It was approved in many countries in 2013.
Structure and properties
Alogliptin (C18H21N5O2, Mr = 339.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as alogliptin benzoate, a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. Alogliptin is a piperidine and dihydropyrimidine derivative.
Effects
Alogliptin (ATC A10BH04) has antidiabetic properties. The effects are due to selective inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Alogliptin promotes insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic beta cells, improves beta cell sensitivity to glucose, and increases its uptake into tissues. It reduces glucagon secretion from alpha cells, resulting in decreased glucose production in the liver see under gliptins
Indications
For the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. The tablets are taken once daily before or with the first meal. The combination drug with metformin is administered in the morning and evening with a meal.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Interactions
Alogliptin is not metabolized by CYP450 and is excreted primarily by the kidney.
Adverse effects
The most common potential adverse effects include nasopharyngitis, headache, and lower respiratory tract infection. Like other gliptins, alogliptin increases the risk of developing inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). However, this side effect occurs very rarely.
