Products
In many countries, human drugs containing ampicillin are no longer commercially available. In other countries, film-coated tablets and injectables are available, often in fixed combination with sulbactam.
Structure and properties
Ampicillin (C16H19N3O4S, Mr = 349.4 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. In contrast, the sodium salt ampicillin sodium is readily soluble in water. Ampicillin is a semisynthetic penicillin that is identical to amoxicillin except for one hydroxyl group.
Effects
Ampicillin (ATC J01CA01) has bactericidal properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The effects are due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to transpeptidases. Ampicillin is absorbed only about 30 to 60% and has a short half-life of about 60 minutes. Ampicillin is also combined fixedly with sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, to overcome resistance.
Indications
For treatment of bacterial infectious diseases with susceptible pathogens.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. Tablets are taken fasting up to four times daily.
Contraindications
Ampicillin is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity (also to other penicillins). For complete precautions, see the drug label.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. As with other penicillins, skin reactions and allergies may occur.
