active ingredients

Overactive bladder medications: Active ingredients and effects

What medications are available for irritable bladder? Drug therapy for overactive bladder is often prescribed to accompany behavioral adjustment and bladder training. Anticholinergics against irritable bladder Because muscarinic receptors of detrusor cells (muscle cells of the bladder wall) are involved, the agents are also called antimuscarinics. Choosing the right anticholinergic There are a large number … Overactive bladder medications: Active ingredients and effects

Placebo: Medications without active ingredients

How is the placebo effect explained? It is not known exactly how the placebo effect comes about. It is presumably due to the body’s self-healing powers, which in turn are triggered by the belief in the medication. The patient’s expectations can therefore influence the effectiveness of a treatment. In the case of the placebo effect, … Placebo: Medications without active ingredients

Zuclopenthixol

Products Zuclopenthixol is commercially available in the form of dragées, as drops, and as a solution for injection (Clopixol). It has been approved in many countries since 1977. Structure and properties Zuclopenthixol (C22H25ClN2OS, Mr = 400.7 g/mol) is present in drugs as zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride, zuclopenthixol acetate, or zuclopenthixol decanoate. Zuclopenthixol decanoate is a yellow, viscous, … Zuclopenthixol

Zofenopril

Products Zofenopril was approved in many countries in 2000 (Zofenil, Zofenil plus + hydrochlorothiazide). The drugs went off the market on April 23, 2011. Structure and properties Zofenopril (C22H23NO4S2, Mr = 429.6 g/mol) Effects Zofenopril (ATC C09AA15) has antihypertensive properties and relieves cardiac stress. Indications Hypertension Acute myocardial infarction

Zolmitriptan

Products Zolmitriptan is commercially available as film-coated tablets, meltable tablets, and as a nasal spray (Zomig, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1997. Generic versions entered the market in 2012. Structure and properties Zolmitriptan (C16H21N3O2, Mr = 287.4 g/mol) is an indole and oxazolidinone derivative structurally related to serotonin. It exists as … Zolmitriptan

Zolpidem

Products Zolpidem is commercially available as film-coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, and effervescent tablets (Stilnox, Stilnox CR, generics, USA: Ambien). It has been approved in many countries since 1990. Structure and properties Zolpidem (C19H21N3O, Mr = 307.39 g/mol) is an imidazopyridine that is structurally distinct from the benzodiazepines. It is present in drugs as zolpidem tartrate, … Zolpidem

Zonisamide

Products Zonisamide is commercially available in the form of capsules (Zonegran). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. Structure and properties Zonisamide (C8H8N2O3S, Mr = 212.2 g/mol) is a benzisoxazole derivative and a sulfonamide. It exists as a white powder that is soluble in water. Effects Zonisamide (ATC N03AX15) has anticonvulsant and antiepileptic … Zonisamide

Zopiclone

Products Zopiclone is commercially available in tablet form (Imovane, auto-generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1993. In the United States, the pure -enantiomer eszopiclone is also available (Lunesta). Structure and properties Zopiclone (C17H17ClN6O3, Mr = 388.8 g/mol) is a racemate and belongs to the cyclopyrrolones. It exists as a white to slightly … Zopiclone

Zinc Oxide

Products Zinc oxide is contained in zinc ointments, shaking mixtures, in sunscreens, skin care products, hemorrhoid ointments, baby care products, cosmetics and wound healing ointments, among others. Zinc oxide is also combined with other active ingredients in a fixed manner and traditionally numerous magistral formulations have been made with the active ingredient. Its medicinal use … Zinc Oxide

Zinc Ointment: Effects, Side Effects, Interactions, Uses

Products Among the best-known zinc ointments in many countries are Oxyplastin, ZinCream and Penaten cream. Other ointments contain zinc oxide (e.g., almond oil ointments) and it is also possible to make them in the pharmacy (e.g., zinc paste PH, zinc oxide ointment PH). Congo ointment is no longer on the market as a finished drug, … Zinc Ointment: Effects, Side Effects, Interactions, Uses

Zinc Sulfate

Products Zinc sulfate is commercially available as a gel for the treatment of cold sores (Lipactin, D: Virudermin). It is also sold as a proprietary preparation in some pharmacies (Zinci sulfatis hydrogel 0.1% FH). Hima Pasta is no longer available in many countries. Structure and properties Zinc sulfate is the zinc salt of sulfuric acid. … Zinc Sulfate

Zipeprol

Products Medicines containing zipeprol are no longer on the market in many countries. Mirsol is no longer available. Zipeprol is classified as a narcotic. Structure and properties Zipeprol (C23H32N2O3, Mr = 384.5 g/mol) is a disubstituted piperazine derivative with a non-opioid structure. Effects Zipeprol (ATC R05DB15) has antitussive properties. In addition, anticholinergic, antihistamine, local anesthetic, … Zipeprol