The buttocks are a body part at the end of the trunk. This can only be found in humans and primates. In science, the gluteal region is called the regio glutaea.
What characterizes the buttocks
In most cultures, the buttocks are considered unclean because they are associated with proximity to the anus. The resulting sense of shame leads to the habit of covering the entire body part throughout the world. Exposure collides with the law even in Germany and may only take place in the media under strict regulations. This can be attributed, among other things, to the fact that the exposure of one’s own buttocks region is accompanied by degradation. The gesture expresses disdain, which can be directed against a social group or a subject. Exposure has therefore also established itself as a gesture of protest. In the English-speaking world, it is referred to as “mooning.” Nevertheless, the buttocks play an important role for humans. In terms of body functionality, a high value is attributed to the buttock region.
Anatomy and function
The regio glutaea divides into two symmetrical halves called the gluteal cheeks. They are divided by the crena ani, better known as the anal groove. The buttocks themselves are composed of the sitting legs of the pelvis, gluteal muscles and the fat pad. The most important gluteal muscles include the gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus minimus muscle and gluteus medius muscle. The former is the second strongest muscle in the body. It is responsible for connecting the iliac crest to the sacrum. The fat pad itself achieves varying degrees of amortization depending on the fat deposit. Nevertheless, certain bone points can be palpated. They become noticeable when sitting on a hard surface for a long time. The most important bone points include the spina iliaca posterior superior, the spina iliaca anterior superior and the crista iliaca. In addition, the gluteal skin is traversed by many nerves. These are responsible for maximizing sensitivity. This is especially true for the nervi clunium. They run through the middle gluteal region and branch off to lower gluteal regions.
Function and tasks
In everyday life, the gluteus plays an essential role in the freedom of movement of the human body. Specifically, the gluteal muscles perform a wide range of tasks. For example, the gluteus maximus muscle supports the hip joint during walking and standing. Colloquially, it is also referred to as the extensor. The gluteus maximus muscle has the task of preventing the pelvis from tipping over. Accompanied by the gluteus medius muscle and the gluteus minimus muscle, maximum stability is achieved. Specifically, the pelvis is prevented from sinking sideways when walking or standing in an odd position. However, the buttocks also enable sitting. This is due in particular to the pronounced fat pad. This is the second largest fat deposit in the human body. The extent of the buttocks is determined by the size of the fat pad. The amount of subcutaneous fat, in turn, depends on the fat content and the stress placed on the buttocks. Furthermore, research has shown that the amount also varies by gender. On average, women have a higher amount of subcutaneous fat. On the buttocks, the fat pad can form a layer of several centimeters. Between the muscles, the fat deposit can be further developed. The expression of the cushion is hormone-dependent. In the event of malnutrition, this is broken down again to supply the body. Lastly, the buttocks act as an intimate body part in its social function. It is associated by both sexes with a strong erotic appeal.
Diseases and ailments
There are numerous diseases and ailments in the buttock area that can limit the well-being of affected individuals. In old age, many people complain of a sensation of pain in the regio glutaea. Inflammation of the sacroiliac joint is a common trigger for this. When the trunk is tilted, sufferers complain of a deep-seated twinge. The pain is also noticeable when lifting weights and raising the legs. The cause can be a progressive inflammation between the sacrum and the ilium. In addition, the so-called sciatic pain is also common.Permanent contraction of the gluteal muscles can lead to a unilateral sensation of pain. In the long term, the contraction leads to a squeezing of the sciatic nerves, which increases especially with external rotators. Fitness and relaxation exercises can provide a remedy. Pain may also be felt if a malposition of the buttocks develops. Pelvic obliquity is particularly problematic, as it can cause severe back pain. Pelvic obliquity is associated with a protruding or flattened buttock. The cause may be osteoporosis, scoliosis or muscle tension. As a result, pelvic obliquity can have an effect on almost all areas of the skeleton. The most common symptoms include back pain, muscle tension and headaches. Mitigation of the misalignment can be achieved by wearing orthotics and specific postural training. In everyday and professional life, buttock pain can be attributed to monotonous sitting or awkward posture. This can lead to tension and overuse of muscles. Therefore, it is important to avoid one-sided stress. Enclosed can be included training to develop the muscles of the buttocks. Many exercises can also be done at home.
