Symptoms
The so-called “chlorine allergy” manifests itself after a visit to the swimming pool in the following possible complaints:
- Skin reactions such as redness, eczema, itching, dry skin and hives.
- Eye irritation
- Upper and lower respiratory tract irritation: cough, bronchospasm.
- Exacerbation or triggering of pulmonary or allergic diseases.
Causes
The water in many swimming pools is treated with chlorine gas (Cl2) or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) or calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) are processed. These chemicals and their metabolites such as chloramines can cause irritation to the skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. In addition, bathing dries out the skin. Incidentally, the term chlorine allergy is incorrect, as it is not an allergic reaction.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made on the basis of the patient’s history (swimming pool visit) and physical examination. Other skin diseases must be ruled out.
Prevention
- For prevention, chlorinated swimming pools can be avoided (change swimming pool).
- After swimming, take a good shower.
- Use a body lotion before and after showering.
Treatment
Skin care products can be used to treat the skin reactions, such as a mentholated lotion for itching or topical glucocorticoids. Antihistamines may be taken for the itching and rash if severe. Nourishing and moisturizing eye drops can be used to treat eye irritation.
