Type I Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Complications

Diabetes mellitus type 1 leads to microangiopathies and macroangiopathies (vascular diseases of small and large vessels), among others:Diabetic microangiopathy – increased permeability of the vessel walls of small blood vessels, leads to Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease) (20-50% chance). Diabetic neuropathy (nerve disease). Diabetic pneumopathy (lung disease) Diabetic retinopathy (retinal disease) Disturbance of blood circulation – … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Complications

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Classification

An etiologically (causally) based classification according to the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and WHO is shown in the table below. Classification of diabetes mellitus I. Type 1 diabetes mellitus – absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction (destruction) of ß-cells (site of insulin production): Type 1a: immunologically mediated form Special form: LADA (latent … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Classification

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Examination

In approximately 25% of cases, ketoacidotic coma is the first sign of type 1 diabetes mellitus (manifestation coma). During the physical examination of a type 1 diabetic patient (emergency situation), note: Symptoms of desiccosis-standing skin folds, rapid weight loss, dry mucous membranes, postural hypotension (drop in blood pressure on standing), hypotension, decreased central venous pressure, … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Examination

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Lab Test

Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Glucose (blood glucose; each measured in blood plasma, venous) [To confirm diagnosis, a defined elevated blood glucose value must be present at least twice] Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose; fasting plasma glucose) ≥ 126 mg/dl (7 mmol/l) Glucose measurement at any time/occasional blood glucose (“random … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Lab Test

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Family History What is the general health status of your family members? Are there any diseases in your family that are common? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you have increased thirst? Do … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Medical History

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Genetic lipodystrophy including lipatrophic diabetes. Hereditary neuromuscular diseases. Mendenhall syndrome – group of extreme insulin-resistant syndromes (together with leprechaunism, the lipodystrophies and insulin resistance syndromes type A and B); Mendenhall syndrome has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance: growth retardation starting already intrauterin (“in utero”) Myotonic dystrophy Myotonic … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Drug Therapy

A goal of therapy Glucose BG fasting/preprandial 90-130 mg/dl (5.0-7.2 mmol/l) BG 1-2 h postprandial (after meal). <180 mg/dl (<10 mmol/l) HbA1c <7.5% (up to 6% if there is no risk of frequent hypoglycemia/ hypoglycemia; most guidelines recommend an HbA1c level of less than 7.0%, which not even one in 10 patients achieves in the … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Drug Therapy

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Diagnostic Tests

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is diagnosed on the basis of the clinical picture and laboratory parameters. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and laboratory diagnostics – to identify secondary diseases of diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular diagnostics Repeated blood pressure measurement on both arms with cuff adjusted to arm … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Diagnostic Tests

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Micronutrient Therapy

An at-risk group indicates the possibility that the disease may be associated with the risk of vital nutrient deficiency. The complaint diabetes mellitus type I indicates a vital nutrient deficiency for: Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin C Magnesium Zinc The above vital substance recommendations were created with the help of medical experts. All statements are … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Micronutrient Therapy

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Surgical Therapy

Surgical therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus consists of pancreas transplantation (transplantation of the pancreas) with simultaneous kidney transplantation (NTx, NTPL). However, this method is not yet frequently performed because the results are not yet convincing. Research on this is still ongoing.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Prevention

Infants vaccinated against rotavirus were less likely to develop type 1 diabetes: among children younger than 4 years, the incidence (frequency of new cases) of type 1 diabetes decreased significantly by 14%. Furthermore, to prevent type 1 diabetes mellitus, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors.Behavioral Risk Factors Diet Early consumption of cow’s … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Prevention

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate type 1 diabetes mellitus: Leading symptoms Polyuria (frequent urination) Polydipsia (great feeling of thirst) Weight loss (physiognomy/appearance: slim patients). Performance reduction Associated symptoms Fatigue Weakness Visual disturbances Delayed wound healing Pruritus (itching) Bacterial or mycotic (“fungal”) skin infections. Balanitis (acorn inflammation). Candidiasis (candiamycosis) Furunculosis (episodic repeated occurrence of … Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs