2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Small blood count
- Differential blood count
- Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose), oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) if necessary.
- Thyroid parameters – TSH
- Liver parameters – alanine aminotransferase (ALT, GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT, GGT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin.
- Renal parameters – urea, creatinine, cystatin C or creatinine clearance, if necessary.
- Gastrin – if Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is suspected.
- 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid in 24h urine – suspected carcinoid.
- Mast cell tryptase – suspected systemic mastocytosis (disease characterized by excessive proliferation of mast cells in internal organs/bone marrow).
- Paraproteins – suspected plasmocytoma (multiple myeloma/malignant tumor disease from the group of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas).
- Serotonin in serum – suspected carcinoid (rare tumors that arise from hormone-producing (endocrine) cells and often produce hormones, transmitter or messenger substances).
- Vanilinmandelic acid – if pheochromocytoma (hormone-producing tumor of the adrenal medulla) is suspected.
- Chromogranin A in serum – as a marker for neuroendocrine tumors (e.g., pheochromocytoma).
- FSH, 17-beta estradiol – for suspected menopausal symptoms.
- Cortisol daily profile – if Cushing’s disease (group of diseases leading to hypercortisolism (hypercortisolism; oversupply of cortisol) is suspected).