Function of the periodontium

The periodontium is essential for fixing the tooth in the jawbone. For this reason, the unit consisting of the four different components is also called the periodontium. The Sharpey fibers that form the periodontium ensure a firm anchorage between the root cement surrounding the root and the alveolar bone.

These collagen fibers are arranged in their thousands criss-cross in the gap between the cement and the bone to guarantee a hold against forces coming from different directions. Furthermore, the periodontium, i.e. the periodontium, serves as a sensory organ. This means that it can regulate the chewing pressure through nerve fibers running in Desmodont and thus prevent damage to the periodontium or the tooth.

A further function of the periodontium is the defense against germs. To a certain degree, it can thus prevent the penetration of pathogens. Finally, the periodontium ensures continuous reconstruction of the jawbone.

Function of collagen fibers in the periodontium

The collagen fibers, which are a component of desmodont, i.e. of the periodontal membrane, are called Sharpey fibers. They radiate into the root cement and the alveolar bone on both sides. They thus serve to resiliently fix the tooth in its bone compartment (alveolus) and thus absorb the chewing pressure. In dentistry, the fibers are differentiated according to their course: Fibrae dentoalveolares (running from the tooth to the alveolus), Fibrae dentogingivales (running from the tooth to the gum), Fibrae alveogingivales (from the alveolus to the gum) and the Fibrae circulares.

Pain in the periodontium

One of the most common diseases of the periodontium is inflammation of the gums (gingivitis). This is often caused by a lack of oral hygiene and the resulting plaque. Gingivitis manifests itself in redness, swelling and pressure sensitivity of the gums.

Gingivitis does not disappear by itself. If left untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontitis, i.e. inflammation of the periodontium. Another disease describes the so-called periodontosis.

It is not the same as periodontitis, as it is often incorrectly called in the vernacular. The ending – itis is a term for an inflammation. The ending – ose describes a disease without inflammation. A periodontal disease is a non-inflammatory receding of the gums.One does not take pain as an affected person. Often, instead of periodontosis, one speaks of recessions.