General measures Aim for normal weight! Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis and, if necessary, participation in a medically supervised weight loss program or program for underweight. Regular check-ups Regular medical checkups Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis Nutritional recommendations according … Lymphedema: Therapy
Nevus – colloquially called mole or birthmark – (ICD-10-GM I78.1: Nevus, non-neoplastic) refers to benign skin/mucosal malformations (pigmented moles). The following forms can be distinguished: Dermal melanocytic nevi (ICD-10 D22.9). Mongolian spot – indistinct gray-blue discoloration of the skin in the buttock/back area; regresses by puberty; usually seen in mongolians. Nevus coeruleus (blue nevus) – … Nevus
Stages of lymphedema Stage Description 0 No swelling, pathological lymph scintigraphy I Edema of soft consistency (protein-rich edema; a “dent” can still be easily made with a finger), can be influenced by elevation II Edema with secondary tissue changes (no dent or only a shallow dent can be made in the skin with the finger), … Lymphedema: Classification
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes [Leading symptoms: Frequently dry, itchy skin Positive Kaposi-Stemmer sign (clinical sign of the presence of lymphedema) – it is positive in the absence of lift-off … Lymphedema: Examination
The diagnosis of lymphedema is made clinically by means of basic diagnostics (history, inspection, and palpation). Second-order laboratory parameters-depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters-are used for differential diagnostic clarification Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein). Analysis of lymphatic fluid – for diagnosis of lymphatic malformations. … Lymphedema: Test and Diagnosis
Drug therapy for lymphedema is not available. See also under “Further therapy.”
To prevent undescended testis, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Consumption of stimulants Tobacco (smoking) Environmental pollution – intoxications (poisonings). Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Mono esters of pthalatesNote: Phthalates belong to the endocrine disruptors (synonym: xenohormones), which even in the smallest amounts can damage health by altering the hormonal system. Persistent … Undescended Testis (Maldescensus Testis): Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate undescended testis: Pathognomonic (evidencing a disease). On palpation, an empty testicular compartment is found (occurrence: right > left; bilateral in 20% of cases)). Note!It should be noted whether there are other morphologic abnormalities associated with undescended testis. These include, in addition to general signs of dysmorphia specifically other … Undescended Testis (Maldescensus Testis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The cause of cryptorchidism is multifactorial, and the involvement of various factors (descensus (“descent”) of the epididymis, gubernaculum testis, ligamentum diaphragmaticum, nervus genitofemoralis, processus vaginalis) is discussed. In most cases, it is seen as a result of intrauterine (“inside the uterus“) insufficiency (weakness) of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (diencephalic-pituitary-gonadal axis). It can … Undescended Testis (Maldescensus Testis): Causes
Short stature (synonyms: short stature, short stature; microsomia, dwarfism; ICD-10-GM E34.3: Short stature, not elsewhere classified; ICD-10-GM Q87.1: Congenital malformation syndromes predominantly associated with short stature) is a term used to describe a lower than normal growth in body length (below the 3rd percentile). Short stature usually occurs as a result of decreased growth rate … Short Stature
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and the mucous membranes Gait pattern (fluid, limping) Body proportions [dysproportionation? Higher ascender or descender?] Body posture (upright, bent, gentle posture). Inspection and palpation (palpation) of the mammae … Short Stature: Examination
2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the medical history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification FSH, LH Somatotropic hormone* (STH) (synonyms: somatotropin; English somatotropic hormone; HGH or hGH (human growth hormone), GH (growth hormone), growth hormone). Serum IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-I; somatomedin)* . IGFBP 3 (insulin-like growth factor binding … Short Stature: Lab Test
