A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye). Auscultation (listening) of the heart [peripheral cyanosis (blue coloration of skin, lips, fingernails) if necessary]. Auscultation … Febrile Seizure: Examination
Laboratory diagnosis is usually not required. Second-order laboratory parameters-depending on the results of the history, physical examination, and obligatory laboratory parameters-for differential diagnostic clarification. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein). Electrolytes – calcium, chloride, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Fasting glucose (fasting blood sugar) CSF puncture (collection of cerebrospinal fluid by puncturing the … Febrile Seizure: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Seizure breakthrough Therapy recommendations Short-term use of benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam rectally (“into the rectum”) or, if appropriate, midazolam buccally/cheekwise) for seizure durations of 3 minutes or more Stepwise regimen for seizure breakthrough: Lorazepam or diazepam; if unsuccessful. Phenoabarbital or phenytoin If necessary, diazepam prophylaxis for fever (0.33 mg/kg/d; not > 72 h) is … Febrile Seizure: Drug Therapy
Medical device diagnostics are usually not required. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. Encephalogram (EEG; recording of electrical activity of the brain)* – method of measuring electrical brain waves. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the … Febrile Seizure: Diagnostic Tests
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate febrile seizure: Leading symptoms Loss of consciousness Muscle tension, muscle twitching, muscle flaccidity (tonic-clonic). Peripheral cyanosis (cyanosis) – blue coloration of skin, lips, fingernails. Fever – often > 38 °C A simple febrile convulsion usually lasts no more than a minute. After the end of the febrile convulsion … Febrile Seizure: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of febrile seizure. Family history Are there multiple people in your family who have/had febrile seizures? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed in your child? Please describe the febrile seizure. How long did the … Febrile Seizure: Medical History
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Infections associated with fever; from flu-like infection to severe systemic infection. Herpes simplex encephalitis (herpes encephalitis) – inflammation of the brain caused by herpes viruses. Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99). Herpes simplex encephalitis (herpes encephalitis). Meningitis (meningitis) Meningoencephalitis (combined inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and meninges (meningitis)). Further After … Febrile Seizure: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by a febrile convulsion: Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99). Epilepsy – rarely occurs later in life (3%). Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not classified elsewhere (R00-R99) Complicated febrile seizure – lasts longer than 15 minutes; must be interrupted … Febrile Seizure: Complications
General measures Keep calm Notice time onset of seizure (a simple febrile seizure usually lasts only a few minutes) Loosen the child’s clothes, lay him upright if possible, so that he can breathe easily. Protect the child from injury (remove dangerous objects from the environment, etc.). If the child vomits, it should be placed on … Febrile Seizure: Therapy
