General measures Patients with meningococcal meningitis must be isolated until 25 hours after initiation of therapy. Observance of general hygiene measures! Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on the existing disease. Intensive care monitoring Individuals with bacterial meningitis must be monitored in an intensive care unit to control and, if necessary, immediately regulate all … Bacterial Meningitis: Therapy
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Differential blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or PCT (procalcitonin). Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose). Coagulation parameters – PTT, Quick Blood cultures (two) – collection of blood into special collection systems (blood culture bottles), in which the bacteria that may … Bacterial Meningitis: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic targets Elimination of the pathogens Avoidance of complications Therapy recommendations In case of suspicion, immediate hospitalization (emergency) → Collection of two blood cultures. Bacterial meningitis: antibiosis (antibiotic therapy) after pathogen determination and resistogram (test for sensitivity to antibiotics)Before final diagnosis, immediate calculated or empirical antibiotic therapy + dexamethasone 10 mg i.v. must be started! … Bacterial Meningitis: Drug Therapy
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Computed tomography of the skull (cranial CT, cranial CT or cCT); native (ie. without contrast medium), with bone window – for focus search (focal diagnosis); obligatory on admission day Note: In case of neurological deficit, decrease in vigilance or epileptic seizure, cranial computed tomography (cCT) is performed within 30 min after … Bacterial Meningitis: Diagnostic Tests
Vaccinations against Haemophilus-influenzae-b (Hib), meningococci (serogroups A, B, C), and pneumococci are important and effective preventive measures.Furthermore, to prevent bacterial meningitis (bacterial meningitis), attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Listeria meningitis – consumption of contaminated food such as milk or raw meat. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) Post-exposure prophylaxis (here because of … Bacterial Meningitis: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate bacterial meningitis (bacterial meningitis): Leading symptoms Severe headache (> 5 on the visual analog scale (VAS); approximately 90% of cases). Septic fever (> 38.5 °C; 50-90% of cases) Meningismus (painful neck stiffness) (about 80% of cases; need not occur in children, unlike adults) [late symptom]. Impaired consciousness ranging … Bacterial Meningitis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Bacterial meningitis is usually transmitted by droplet infection. Approximately 2.5 cases of the disease occur per 100,000 population annually. Most are infections caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae (so-called pneumococci), Neisseria meningitidis (so-called meningococci; a good two-thirds of all cases by serogroup B, about a quarter of all cases by serogroup … Bacterial Meningitis: Causes
Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (bacterial meningitis). Caveat. Wear protective mask! Family history What is the general health of your family members? Social history What is your profession? Have you been abroad recently? If so, where exactly? Have you had any contact with sick people? … Bacterial Meningitis: Medical History
Blood, blood-forming organs-immune system (D50-D90). Meningitis as a complication of various systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis (synonyms: Boeck’s disease; Schaumann-Besnier’s disease; systemic disease of connective tissue with granuloma formation) or in the setting of pneumonia. Cardiovascular system (I00-I99). Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAB; hemorrhage between the spinal meninges and the soft meninges; incidence: 1-3%); symptomatology: proceed according … Bacterial Meningitis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by bacterial meningitis (bacterial meningitis): Respiratory system (J00-J99) ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome) – acute respiratory failure. Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Amaurosis (blindness) Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90). Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)/consumptive coagulopathy – severe coagulopathy with bleeding … Bacterial Meningitis: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (white part of the eye) [diffuse erythematous maculopapular exanthema (rash with small papules); petechiae (flea-like hemorrhages)] Neck incl. palpation [meningismus (painful … Bacterial Meningitis: Examination