Transitory Ischemic Attack

Transient Ischemic Attack: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate a transient ischemic attack (TIA): Dizziness Diplopia (double vision, double images) Dysarthria (speech disorder) Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) Balance disorders Sensory deficits or sensory disturbances. Amaurosis fugax – sudden and temporary blindness. Aphasia (language disorder) – e.g., word-finding disorders. Paresis (paralysis) Hemianopsia (visual field loss) Sudden clouding of consciousness … Transient Ischemic Attack: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Transient Ischemic Attack: Therapy

Notice: Immediately call 911! (Call number 112) Any transient ischemic attack (TIA) – even after rapid complete remission of symptoms – represents an emergency situation because it is associated with a high risk of recurrence (recurrence of the disease). The risk of apoplexy (stroke risk) is quite relevant in the first days after a TIA … Transient Ischemic Attack: Therapy

Transient Ischemic Attack: Complications

The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by a transient ischemic attack (TIA): Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Apoplexy (risk of stroke remains elevated over the five years). Prognostic factors ABCD2 score The ABCD2 score is a prognostic scoring system that can be used to estimate stroke risk after transient ischemic … Transient Ischemic Attack: Complications

Transient Ischemic Attack: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: Assessment of consciousness using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Neck vein congestion? Central cyanosis? (bluish discoloration of skin and central mucous membranes, e.g., tongue). Abdomen … Transient Ischemic Attack: Examination

Transient Ischemic Attack: Test and Diagnosis

1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose). Electrolytes – calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium. Blood gas analysis (BGA) Coagulation parameters – PTT, Quick Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – … Transient Ischemic Attack: Test and Diagnosis

Transient Ischemic Attack: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Attempt to reduce harm and prevent recurrent (recurring) events. Therapy recommendations* Initiation of secondary prophylaxis with acetylsalicylic acid (75-81 mg/d) and clopidogrel (initial 300 mg; 75 mg/d) should occur at least 24 hours after the onset of the first stroke symptoms and should continue for 10-21 days (see “Practice Recommendation for Dual Platelet … Transient Ischemic Attack: Drug Therapy

Transient Ischemic Attack: Diagnostic Tests

Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (cranial CT or.cCT/cranial MRI or cMRI) – for basic diagnosis. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of the heart muscle) – as a basic diagnostic tool to exclude cardiac arrhythmias (ECG recording over 72 hours captures about 92% of cases of atrial fibrillation). … Transient Ischemic Attack: Diagnostic Tests

Transient Ischemic Attack: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack (TIA). Family History Is there a frequent history of cardiovascular disease, neurological disease in your family? Social history Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological … Transient Ischemic Attack: Medical History

Transient Ischemic Attack: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Eyes and ocular appendages (H00-H59). Acute glaucoma (glaucoma) – acute elevation of intraocular pressure. Optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve). Retinal vein thrombosis – formation of a blood clot in vessels of the retina. Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Hypertensive crisis – increase in blood pressure … Transient Ischemic Attack: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis