Products Muthesa (out of commerce) Structure and properties Oxetacaine (C28H41N3O3, Mr = 467.6 g/mol) belongs to the amide-type local anesthetics. Effects Oxetacaine (ATC C05AD06) has local anesthetic properties. Indications Symptomatic relief ulcer, gastritis, and esophagitis.
Products Quinisocaine was commercially available in many countries as an ointment (isoquinol) since 1973. In 2013, distribution was discontinued. Structure and properties Quinisocaine (C17H24N2O, Mr = 272.4 g/mol) is an isoquinoline derivative and is present in the drug as quinisocaine hydrochloride. It is classified as an amide-type local anesthetic. Effects Quinisocaine (ATC D04AB05) has local … Quinisocaine
Products Benzocaine is commercially available as a paste. Structure and properties Benzocaine (C9H11NO2, Mr = 165.2 g/mol) is a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. Effects Benzocaine (ATC C05AD03, ATC D04AB04, ATC N01BA05, ATC R02AD01) has local anesthetic properties. Indications Benzocaine is rarely used today because of adverse effects.
Products Bupivacaine is commercially available as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1968. Levobupivacaine, an enantiomer of bupivacaine, is also commercially available. Structure and properties Bupivacaine (C18H28N2O, Mr = 288.4 g/mol) is a racemate. Bupivacaine hydrochloride it exists as a white crystalline powder or in the form of colorless … Bupivacaine
Products In many countries, finished medicines containing cocaine are currently no longer commercially available. However, they can be prepared as an extemporaneous prescription in a pharmacy. Cocaine is subject to the Narcotics Act and requires an aggravated prescription, but it is not banned as a drug. It is also sold as an illegal narcotic on … Cocaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Cinchocaine is commercially available in the form of hemorrhoid ointments and suppositories. These are combination products. Cinchocaine was approved in many countries in 1958. Structure and properties Cinchocaine (C20H29N3O2, Mr = 343.5 g/mol) is a quinoline derivative. It is present in drugs as a base or in the form of the salt cinchocaine hydrochloride. … Cinchocaine
Products Ropivacaine is commercially available as a solution for injection (Naropin, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1997. Structure and properties Ropivacaine (C17H26N2O, Mr = 274.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as ropivacaine hydrochloride monohydrate. It was developed as a pure -enantiomer and belongs to the lipophilic amide-type local anesthetics. Ropivacaine is … Ropivacaine
Products Procaine has been commercially available in many countries since 1941 in the form of ear drops (Otalgan). Currently, it is available in many countries only as a combination preparation. Structure and properties Procaine (C13H20N2O2, Mr = 236.31 g/mol) was synthesized as the first synthetic ester local anesthetic by Einhorn in 1905. The local anesthetic … Procaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Chloroprocaine is commercially available as a solution for injection from various suppliers. It has been approved in many countries since 1996. Structure and properties Chloroprocaine (C13H19ClN2O2, Mr = 270.8 g/mol) is present in drugs as chloroprocaine hydrochloride. It is an ester-type local anesthetic and is equivalent to a singly chlorinated procaine. Effects Chloroprocaine (ATC … Chloroprocaine
Products Mepivacaine is commercially available as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1960. Structure and properties Mepivacaine (C15H22N2O, Mr = 246.3 g/mol) is present in drugs as mepivacaine hydrochloride, a racemate and white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. It is an amide-type local anesthetic. Effects Mepivacaine … Mepivacaine
Products Levobupivacaine is commercially available as an injectable (Chirocaine). It has been approved in many countries since 2002. Structure and properties Levobupivacaine (C18H28N2O, Mr = 288.4 g/mol) is an enantiomer of bupivacaine. It is present in the drug product as levobupivacaine hydrochloride. Effects Levobupivacaine (ATC N01BB10) has local anesthetic properties. Indications For anesthesia during surgical … Levobupivacaine
Products Polidocanol is commercially available in a variety of topical medications, including skin care products, creams, lotions, gels, and sprays. Parenterally, it is also used for local sclerotherapy of veins; see Polidocanol for Vein Sclerotherapy. Structure and properties The European Pharmacopoeia defines polidocanol as a mixture of ethers of various macrogols with fatty alcohols, mainly … Polidocanol