Products Pure malic acid is available in specialized stores. The name of the acid is derived from Latin (apple), because it was first isolated from apple juice in 1785. Structure and properties Malic acid (C4H6O5, Mr = 134.1 g/mol) is an organic dicarboxylic acid which belongs to the hydroxycarboxylic acids. It exists as a white … Malic Acid
Products Soybean oil is used as an excipient in medicinal products, for example, injectables, soft capsules, baths and semi-solid dosage forms. Structure and properties Refined soybean oil is a fatty oil obtained from the seeds of by extraction and subsequent purification. A suitable antioxidant may be added. Refined soybean oil exists as a clear, pale … Soybean Oil
Products Carnauba wax is available as a pure substance in specialized stores. Annual production is in the range of 20,000 tons. Structure and properties Carnauba wax is the wax extracted and purified from the leaves of the Brazilian carnauba palm (synonym: ). It exists as a powder, in the form of flakes or as a … Carnauba Wax
Products Carrageenan is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals as well as in food and personal care products. Structure and properties Carrageenans are composed of polysaccharides from various red algae species (e.g. , Irish moss) and are obtained by extraction, separation and purification. The main constituents are potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium salts of the … Carrageenan
Products Cyclamate is found in beverages, foods, and pharmaceuticals, among other products (E 952). It is also available in the form of small tablets, powder or liquid. Cyclamate was first synthesized in the 1930s in the United States and patented in the 1940s. Structure and properties Cyclamate is cyclohexylsulfamic acid or the corresponding sodium or … Cyclamate
Products Thiomerasal has been used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals, especially in liquid dosage forms such as eye drops and vaccines. It is rarely used today because of the potential adverse effects. The substance is also known as thimerosal. Structure and properties Thiomerasal (C9H9HgNaO2S, Mr = 404.8 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder and … Thiomersal
Products Croscarmellose sodium is used as an excipient in medicines, especially in tablets. Structure and properties Croscarmellose sodium is the sodium salt of a partially -carboxymethylated, cross-linked cellulose. It exists as a white to grayish-white, hygroscopic powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Croscarmellose sodium swells with water. Indications for use Croscarmellose sodium is … Croscarmellose Sodium
Products Crospovidone (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) is found in many drugs as an excipient, especially in tablets. Not to be confused with copovidone. Structure and properties Crospovidone is a cross-linked homopolymer of 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one. It exists as a white to yellowish-white hygroscopic powder or as a leaflet and is practically insoluble in water. This is in contrast to the … Crospovidone
Products Carbomers are commercially available as eye drops and eye gels (tear substitutes). Furthermore, they are contained in many gels and other medicinal products as excipients. They are also used in medical devices and personal care products. Pure carbomers, such as the commonly used carbomer 980, are available from specialty retailers and pharmacies. Structure and … Carbomers
Products Iron oxides and hydroxides are available as pure substances in specialized shops. Structure and properties Various iron oxides and hydroxides exist that are used as dyes. They exist as powders that are insoluble in water: Iron oxide red: Fe2O3 Iron oxide yellow: FeO(OH)-H2O Iron oxide black: FeO-Fe2O3 The substances are produced synthetically. Fields of … Iron Oxides
Products Olive oil is available in grocery stores and specialty stores. The oil monographed in the pharmacopoeia is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties Olive oil is a fatty oil obtained from the ripe stone fruits of the olive tree L. by cold pressing or by other suitable mechanical methods. The olive tree … Olive Oil
Products Poloxamers are present as excipients in many drugs, for example, in tablets, granules, creams, suspensions, and injection solutions. Structure and properties Poloxamers are synthetic block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Depending on the type, they have different properties: Poloxamer 124 exists as a colorless liquid. Poloxamers 188, 237, 338, 407 are white … Poloxamers
