Self-medication has increased dramatically in Germany and will continue to do so. Studies confirm this trend: Germans are increasingly foregoing visits to the doctor and at the same time increasingly treating themselves with over-the-counter medications. According to their own statements, more than one in three Germans (35%) now go to the doctor less often due … Self-medication: Possibilities and Limitations
How environmental syndromes develop is still being researched. It is assumed that sensitization occurs with acute high exposure to pollutants or even with long-term exposure to small doses of pollutants. This means that after this sensitization, even the smallest doses are sufficient to trigger symptoms. Psychological factors play an important role in environmental syndromes. In … Environmental Syndromes
Hypothermia (ICD-10-GM R68.0: Hypothermia not associated with low ambient temperature) is hypothermia. The entire body is affected. Hypothermia describes the reduction of the core body temperature below the set point. This may be due to heat loss or heat extraction. Hypothermia may be accompanied by frostbite. Acute hypothermia is commonly observed in mountainous regions and … Hypothermia: Drop in Body Temperature
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hypothermia (hypothermia). Family history Social history Current anamnesis/systemic anamnesis (somatic and psychological complaints). What is the body temperature measured rectally? How long has this temperature (< 35 °C) been present?* . Wowas the affected person found? In what situation? Can be recognized … Hypothermia: Medical History
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Diabetes mellitus (diabetes). Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) Hypopituitarism – reduced function of the pituitary gland. Hypothyroidism (underactivity of the thyroid gland) Kwashiorkor – condition of malnutrition in young children, which occurs predominantly in developing countries. Marasmus – form of malnutrition Myxedema coma (hypothyroid coma) – life-threatening progression of hypothyroidism … Hypothermia: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Severity of hypothermia according to the Swiss classification system. Stage Core body temperature °C Stage description Clinical symptoms I 35-32 Mild hypothermia Patient clear, cold shiver II 32-28 Moderate hypothermia Patient slows, no cold shivering III 28-24 Severe hypothermia Patient unconscious, breathing IV < 24 Circulatory arrest or minimal circulation Patient unconscious, respiratory and circulatory … Hypothermia: Classification
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps. In principle, an emergency examination must first be performed on persons who are unconscious: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) – scale for estimating impaired consciousness. Criterion Score Eye opening spontaneous 4 on request 3 on pain stimulus 2 no reaction 1 Verbal communication conversational, … Hypothermia: Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameter – CRP (C-reactive protein) Blood gas analysis (BGA) Electrolytes – calcium, sodium, potassium Fasting glucose (fasting blood sugar) Coagulation parameters – PTT, Quick Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and mandatory laboratory … Hypothermia: Test and Diagnosis
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Temperature measurement by rectal and esophageal (located in the esophagus) probe. Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activities of the heart muscle) [J- or so-called. Osborn wave = dome-shaped rash at the transition between R-wave and ST segment; in up to 40% of cases of hypothermia under therapy; but not pathognomonic … Hypothermia: Diagnostic Tests
Noise is the term used to describe sounds (sounds; mechanical vibrations) which, due to their structure (usually loudness), can have a disturbing, stressful and/or harmful effect on the environment (in this case: people). Noise is everywhere nowadays. Almost everyone is exposed to noise in everyday life (traffic noise), in their leisure time to sports and … Environmental Factors: Noise
Air is a mixture of gases; it consists mostly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). In addition, there are the noble gas argon (0.9%) and carbon dioxide (0.04%), as well as smaller amounts of other substances (e.g. radon* , nitrogen oxides, etc.). * Other sources of radon are drinking water and natural gas; see below … Environmental Factors: Air
Radioactivity is considered to be a cause of tumor diseases, among other things: Radiation from radioactive materials and X-rays can trigger malignant tumors. The energy of this radiation is so great that it can trigger “ionizations” on atoms and molecules, i.e., change their charge and thus, for example, break the bonds that hold molecules together. … Radioactive Radiation
